Protein Information

Name androgen receptors
Synonyms AIS; AR; Androgen receptor; DHTR; Dihydrotestosterone receptor; HUMARA; KD; NR3C4…

Compound Information

Name DDT
CAS 1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19833195 Freyberger A, Weimer M, Tran HS, Ahr HJ: Assessment of a recombinant androgen receptor binding assay: Initial steps towards validation. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Oct 13.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18335090 Bonde JP, Toft G, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Giwercman A, Spano M, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Ludwicki JK, Zvyezday V, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Pedersen HS, Jonsson BA, Thulstrup AM: Fertility and markers of male reproductive function in Inuit and European populations spanning large contrasts in blood levels of persistent organochlorines. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Mar;116(3):269-77.


First, an association between high CB-153 serum levels and low sperm counts was detected within a subgroup of men with short androgen receptor CAG repeat length.
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18275596 Aube M, Larochelle C, Ayotte P: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) disrupts the estrogen-androgen balance regulating the growth of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(1):R16. Epub 2008 Feb 14.


We sought to examine the biological plausibility of this association by testing the effect of p,p'-DDE on the proliferation of CAMA-1 cells, a human breast cancer cell line that expresses the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and the androgen receptor (AR), in the presence of physiological concentrations of estrogens and androgens in the cell culture medium.
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16111029 Zhao HT, Zhu JB, Zhu YF, Wang Z, Ma X, Zhang T: [Establishment of reporter gene-based assays for the identification of (anti) androgenic effects of chemicals in CHO cells]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 May;34(3):281-4.


METHODS: Chinese Ovary cells were cotransfected with the human androgen receptor expression vector, mouse mammary tumour virus MMTV-luciferase vector and phRL-SV40 using the transfection reagent Sofast, test the luciferase activity.
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16226009 Murono EP, Derk RC, Akgul Y: In vivo exposure of young adult male rats to methoxychlor reduces serum testosterone levels and ex vivo Leydig cell testosterone formation and cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity. Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Feb;21(2):148-53. Epub 2005 Oct 12.


Both MC and HPTE have been shown to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen and androgen receptors, respectively.
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19442834 Mura E, Barale C, Quinn MJ Jr, Panzica G, Ottinger MA, Viglietti-Panzica C: Organizational effects of DDE on brain vasotocin system in male Japanese quail. Neurotoxicology. 2009 May;30(3):479-84. Epub 2009 Feb 11.


It is an androgen receptor antagonist and testosterone hydroxylase modulator that is also more persistent than its parent compound.
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16828177 Iwaniuk AN, Koperski DT, Cheng KM, Elliott JE, Smith LK, Wilson LK, Wylie DR: The effects of environmental exposure to DDT on the brain of a songbird: changes in structures associated with mating and song. Behav Brain Res. 2006 Oct 2;173(1):1-10. Epub 2006 Jul 7.


These changes likely result from stress, direct neurotoxicity and androgen receptor antagonism by the primary metabolite of DDT, p,p'-DDE and this is corroborated by analyses of brain region volumes and p,p'-DDE levels.
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16199348 Murono EP, Derk RC: The reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, inhibits testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Nov-Dec;20(4):503-13.


However, both MC and HPTE have been reported to have weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their potential adverse (endocrine disruptive) effects through the estrogen and androgen receptors, respectively.
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18992306 Li J, Li N, Ma M, Giesy JP, Wang Z: In vitro profiling of the endocrine disrupting potency of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Dec 15;183(1-3):65-71. Epub 2008 Oct 17.


The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the ability of p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethane (p,p'-DDE), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and r-hexachlorocyclohexane (r-HCH) to interact with ERalpha, androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen-related receptor (ERRgamma) using a set of recombined yeast strains expressing beta-galactosidase, under control of ERalpha, AR, PR or ERRgamma.
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15336722 Murono EP, Derk RC: The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2004 Nov;19(1):135-46.


Both MC and HPTE have been demonstrated to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen or androgen receptors, respectively.
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17553165 Jariwala U, Prescott J, Jia L, Barski A, Pregizer S, Cogan JP, Arasheben A, Tilley WD, Scher HI, Gerald WL, Buchanan G, Coetzee GA, Frenkel B: Identification of novel androgen receptor target genes in prostate cancer. . Mol Cancer. 2007 Jun 6;6:39.

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15483189 Sonneveld E, Jansen HJ, Riteco JA, Brouwer A, van der Burg B: Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48. Epub 2004 Oct 13.


We have established highly sensitive and specific androgen and estrogen reporter cell lines which we have named AR (androgen receptor) and ERalpha (estrogen receptor alpha) CALUX (Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression), respectively.
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