Protein Information

Name estrogen receptor
Synonyms ER; ERA; ER alpha; ERalpha; ESR; ESR 1; ESR1; ESRA…

Compound Information

Name chlordecone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
7545817 Johnson DC, Banerjee S, Chatterjee S: Estradiol and chlordecone (Kepone) decrease adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate concentrations in the ovariectomized immature rat uterus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Oct;210(1):33-8.

The pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780, in a dose-dependent fashion, prevented the action the estradiol benzoate and chlordecone, suggesting that the lowering of cAMP was dependent on an estrogen receptor.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14761204 van Lipzig MM, ter Laak AM, Jongejan A, Vermeulen NP, Wamelink M, Geerke D, Meerman JH: Prediction of ligand binding affinity and orientation of xenoestrogens to the estrogen receptor by molecular dynamics simulations and the linear interaction energy method. J Med Chem. 2004 Feb 12;47(4):1018-30.

This set consisted of the synthetic estrogen 5,11-cis-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol (THC), daidzein (DAI), equol (EQU) and apigenin (API), chlordecone (KEP), progesterone (PRG), several mono- and dihydroxylated PAH metabolites, and two brominated biphenyls.
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18400491 Wu F, Khan S, Wu Q, Barhoumi R, Burghardt R, Safe S: Ligand structure-dependent activation of estrogen receptor alpha/Sp by estrogens and xenoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 May;110(1-2):104-15. Epub 2008 Feb 23.

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17640991 Ray S, Xu F, Li P, Sanchez NS, Wang H, Das SK: Increased level of cellular Bip critically determines estrogenic potency for a xenoestrogen kepone in the mouse uterus. Endocrinology. 2007 Oct;148(10):4774-85. Epub 2007 Jul 19.


Xenoestrogen mimics estrogen-like activities primarily based on alterations of gene expression and interactions with estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and -beta.
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17088055 Thomas P, Dong J: Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;102(1-5):175-9. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

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9460653 Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F: Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol. 1997 Dec;19(3):321-35.

In our study, 50% of the 49 chemical compounds tested exhibited estrogenic activity in the two bioassays: the herbicide diclofop-methyl; the fungicides biphenyl, dodemorph, and triadimefon; the insecticides lindane, methyl parathion, chlordecone, dieldrin, and endosulfan; polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures; the plasticizers or detergents alkylphenols and phthalates; and phytoestrogens.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
78523 Palmiter RD, Mulvihill ER: Estrogenic activity of the insecticide kepone on the chicken oviduct. . Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):356-8.


It binds to the nuclear estrogen receptor and is antagonized by the antiestrogen tamoxifen.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9439733 Nimrod AC, Benson WH: Xenobiotic interaction with and alteration of channel catfish estrogen receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;147(2):381-90.

Several environmentally relevant chemicals were evaluated in a similar manner and the order of potency established was the o-demethylated metabolite of methoxychlor (MXC) > nonylphenol (NP) > chlordecone > MXC > o,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDE > beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17112243 Liu H, Papa E, Gramatica P: QSAR prediction of estrogen activity for a large set of diverse chemicals under the guidance of OECD principles. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006 Nov;19(11):1540-8.


They are thought to act through a variety of mechanisms, mainly estrogen-receptor-mediated mechanisms of toxicity.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10377031 Loomis AK, Thomas P: Binding characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER) in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) testis: different affinity for estrogens and xenobiotics from that of hepatic ER. Biol Reprod. 1999 Jul;61(1):51-60.

A variety of xenoestrogens, including o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordecone (Kepone), nonylphenol, hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the mycotoxin zearalenone, bound to the receptor with relatively low binding affinities, 10 (-3) to 10 (-5) that of estradiol.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8800639 Flouriot G, Pakdel F, Ducouret B, Valotaire Y: Influence of xenobiotics on rainbow trout liver estrogen receptor and vitellogenin gene expression. J Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Oct;15(2):143-51.

We showed that chlordecone, nonylphenol, a polychlorobiphenol (PCB) mixture (Aroclor 1245) and lindane were able to induce ER and Vg mRNA accumulation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7524197 Laws SC, Carey SA, Hart DW, Cooper RL: Lindane does not alter the estrogen receptor or the estrogen-dependent induction of progesterone receptors in sexually immature or ovariectomized adult rats. Toxicology. 1994 Sep 6;92(1-3):127-42.

It has been suggested that gamma-HCH may block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to estradiol via an interaction with the estrogen receptor.
Chlordecone (kepone; 40 mg/kg; i.p.) was used in Study 2 as a positive control for the alteration of the estrogen-induction of PR in the pituitary.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12215659 Porter KL, Chanda S, Wang HQ, Gaido KW, Smart RC, Robinette CL: 17beta-estradiol is a hormonal regulator of mirex tumor promotion sensitivity in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Sep;69(1):42-8.


Consistent with a role for E2 and ERalpha and ERbeta, treatment of DMBA-initiated female mice with topical ICI 182,780, an estrogen-receptor antagonist, reduced mirex tumor multiplicity by 30%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10774817 Hodges LC, Bergerson JS, Hunter DS, Walker CL: Estrogenic effects of organochlorine pesticides on uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Apr;54(2):355-64.


These data demonstrate that organochlorine pesticides act as estrogen receptor agonists in Eker rat uterine myometrial cells, and they indicate a need for further investigation of the potential tissue-specific agonist activity of these pesticides and their role in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1714637 Brown HE, Salamanca S, Stewart G, Uphouse L: Chlordecone (Kepone) on the night of proestrus inhibits female sexual behavior in CDF-344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;110(1):97-106.

Results of previous studies had led to the suggestion that chlordecone's inhibition of sexual behaviors resulted from its interaction with the intracellular estrogen receptor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9607801 Das SK, Tan J, Johnson DC, Dey SK: Differential spatiotemporal regulation of lactoferrin and progesterone receptor genes in the mouse uterus by primary estrogen, catechol estrogen, and xenoestrogen. Endocrinology. 1998 Jun;139(6):2905-15.

Many xenobiotics are considered reproductive toxins because of their ability to interact with the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta).
To examine this further, we compared the effects of estrogenic (o,p'-DDT [1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethane] and Kepone, chlordecone) and nonestrogenic (p,p'-DDD [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane], a metabolite of p,p'-DDT) xenobiotics with those of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol-17beta (4-OH-E2), a catechol metabolite of E2, on uterine expression of lactoferrin (LF) and progesterone receptor (PR).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9118870 Shelby MD, Newbold RR, Tully DB, Chae K, Davis VL: Assessing environmental chemicals for estrogenicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Dec;104(12):1296-300.


The assays were 1) competitive binding with the mouse uterine estrogen receptor, 2) transcriptional activation in HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing an estrogen receptor and a response element, and 3) the uterotropic assay in mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16413991 Li X, Zhang S, Safe S: Activation of kinase pathways in MCF-7 cells by 17beta-estradiol and structurally diverse estrogenic compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Feb;98(2-3):122-32. Epub 2006 Jan 18.


These results demonstrate that activation of estrogen receptor-alpha-mediated non-genomic pathways by estrogenic compounds in MCF-7 cells is structure-dependent and can result in activation or inhibition of kinase activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1370187 Johnson DC, Sen M, Dey SK: Differential effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane analogs, chlordecone, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on establishment of pregnancy in the hypophysectomized rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jan;199(1):42-8.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
2476871 Eckols K, Williams J, Uphouse L: Effects of chlordecone on progesterone receptors in immature and adult rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Sep 15;100(3):506-16.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
93289 Hammond B, Katzenellenbogen BS, Krauthammer N, McConnell J: Estrogenic activity of the insecticide chlordecone (Kepone) and interaction with uterine estrogen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6641-5.
195(2,3,3,5) Details
15253041 Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I: Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 May;46(4):445-53.

Chlordecone, dicofol, methoxychlor, nitrofen, fenarimol, myclobutanil and pyridate had capacities to bind both ERalpha and AR.
166(2,2,2,6) Details
2470164 Williams J, Eckols K, Uphouse L: Estradiol and chlordecone interactions with the estradiol receptor. . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 May;98(3):413-21.
119(1,2,3,4) Details
2423933 Uphouse L, Eckols K, Sierra V, Kolodziej M, Brown H: Failure of chlordecone (Kepone) to induce behavioral estrus in adult ovariectomized rats. Neurotoxicology. 1986 Spring;7(1):127-41.

Chlordecone has been reported to resemble estrogen in altering pituitary secretions, in producing vaginal cornification, in increasing uterine weight and in competing for binding to the estrogen receptor.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
17169529 Laessig SA, Auger AP, McCarthy MM, Silbergeld EK: Effects of prenatal chlordecone on sexually differentiated behavior in adult rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2007 Mar-Apr;29(2):255-63. Epub 2006 Oct 20.

In this study, the effect of developmental exposure to the chlorinated pesticide, chlordecone (CD) on sexually differentiated behaviors in adults was investigated because CD binds to estrogen receptors and causes estrogenic effects in the reproductive tract of humans and rodents at relatively high doses.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8952712 Johnson DC: Estradiol-chlordecone (Kepone) interactions: additive effect of combinations for uterotropic and embryo implantation functions. Toxicol Lett. 1996 Dec;89(1):57-64.

Chlordecone (Kepone) is a polychlorinated hydrocarbon that has a low affinity for the estrogen receptor.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
18789348 Lee J, Scheri RC, Zhang Y, Curtis LR: Chlordecone, a mixed pregnane X receptor (PXR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) agonist, alters cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 1;233(2):193-202. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
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2581195 Uphouse L: Effects of chlordecone on neuroendocrine function of female rats. Neurotoxicology. 1985 Spring;6(1):191-210.

We have proposed that chlordecone mimics many of the estrogen-receptor mediated neural events.
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9371753 Das SK, Taylor JA, Korach KS, Paria BC, Dey SK, Lubahn DB: Estrogenic responses in estrogen receptor-alpha deficient mice reveal a distinct estrogen signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 25;94(24):12786-91.

By using ER-alpha "knock-out" (ERKO) mice, we demonstrate herein that a catecholestrogen, 4-hydroxyestradiol-17beta (4-OH-E2), and an environmental estrogen, chlordecone (kepone), up-regulate the uterine expression of an estrogen-responsive gene, lactoferrin (LF), independent of ER-alpha.
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91089 Bulger WH, Muccitelli RM, Kupfer D: Studies on the estrogenic activity of chlordecone (Kepone) in the rat: effects on uterine estrogen receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1979 May;15(3):515-24.
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16626760 Lemaire G, Mnif W, Mauvais P, Balaguer P, Rahmani R: Activation of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors by persistent pesticides in reporter cell lines. Life Sci. 2006 Aug 15;79(12):1160-9. Epub 2006 Mar 27.

Antagonistic activities toward hERalpha and hERbeta were shown in three (carbaryl, pentachlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and seven (chlordecone, methoxychlor, carbaryl, endosulfan, endrin, dieldrin, aldrin) pesticides, respectively.
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9751507 Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg B, Gustafsson JA: Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology. 1998 Oct;139(10):4252-63.

The rat, mouse and human estrogen receptor (ER) exists as two subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta, which differ in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and in the N-terminal transactivation domain.
All environmental estrogenic chemicals [polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and derivatives, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, methoxychlor and chlordecone] compete with E2 for binding to both ER subtypes with a similar preference and degree.
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