| Name | Acetylcholinesterase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant… |
| Name | fenitrothion |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8107298 | Yamanaka S, Yoshida M, Yamamura Y, Nishimura M, Takaesu Y: [A study on acute organophosphorus poisoning--changes in the activity and isoenzyme patterns of serum cholinesterase in human poisoning]. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1993 Dec;48(5):955-65. The main bands in the ChE isoenzyme pattern in normal serum were bands 4 and 5 which had the highest activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with a molecular weight of 600,000-800,000, and bands 7, 12, 14, 17 and 18. 2) Inhibition of serum ChE activity was more severe as the amount ingested increased in patients who took Fenitrothion and Malathion. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 9469870 | Sancho E, Ferrando MD, Andreu E: Response and recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, exposed to fenitrothion. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1997 Dec;38(3):205-9. |
21(0,0,3,6) | Details |
| 9350079 | Sancho E, Ferrando MD, Andreu E: Response and recovery of acethylcholinesterase activity in the European eel Anguilla anguilla exposed to fenitrothion. J Environ Sci Health B. 1997 Nov;32(6):915-28. Results showed that AChE activity in eel muscle tissue decreased as concentration of fenitrothion increased. |
16(0,0,2,6) | Details |
| 6933967 | Brzezinski J, Wysocka-Paruszewska B: Neurochemical alterations in rat brain as a test for studying the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus insecticides. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1980;4:475-8. Male Wistar rats were acutely and chronically intoxicated with organophosphorus insecticides (OPI)-chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos and fenitrothion. The effects on brain acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE) and (NE) level were determined. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 3368670 | Ishimatsu S, Igisu H, Tanaka I, Inoue N, Akiyama T: [Effects of repeated inhalation-exposure to fenitrothion powder on blood cholinesterase activity in rats]. J UOEH. 1988 Mar 1;10(1):71-5. Effects of repeated exposure to Fenitrothion (Sumithion) powder on erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (PChE) were studied. |
13(0,0,2,3) | Details |
| 1421479 | Brogdon WG, Beach RF, Barber AM, Cordon-Rosales C: A generalized approach to detection of organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol. 1992 Apr;6(2):110-4. With susceptible mosquitoes, the LT100 values determined from bioassays corresponded closely with times taken to abolish the activity of acetylcholinesterase activity in biochemical assays: approximately 2 h for malathion and 3 h for fenitrothion. |
13(0,0,2,3) | Details |
| 14768874 | Bain D, Buttemer WA, Astheimer L, Fildes K, Hooper MJ: Effects of sublethal fenitrothion ingestion on cholinesterase inhibition, standard metabolism, thermal preference, and prey-capture ability in the Australian central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps, Agamidae). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 Jan;23(1):109-16. We also measured activities of plasma total cholinesterase (ChE) and acetylcholinesterase before and at 0, 2, 8, 24, 120, and 504 h after OP dosing. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10029921 | Bracco JE, Barata JM, Marinotti O: Evaluation of insecticide resistance and biochemical mechanisms in a population of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999 Jan-Feb;94(1):115-20. The PIN95 strain showed low levels of resistance to organophosphates [malathion (3.3-fold), fenitrothion (11.2-fold)] and a [propoxur (3.0-fold)]. An alteration in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to insecticide inhibition was also found in the PIN95 mosquitoes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17324630 | Corsi I, Pastore AM, Lodde A, Palmerini E, Castagnolo L, Focardi S: Potential role of cholinesterases in the invasive capacity of the freshwater bivalve, Anodonta woodiana (Bivalvia: Unionacea): a comparative study with the indigenous species of the genus, Anodonta sp. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;145(3):413-9. Epub 2007 Feb 1. Calculated IC (50) for fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos was in the range 10 (-6)-10 (-3) M in muscle of A. woodiana while a higher inhibition was observed for fenitrothion (10 (-7) M) and lower for chlorpyrifos (10 (-2) M) in the indigenous species Anodonta sp. The hypotheses of other authors that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is involved in the control of many essential functions, such as frontal ciliary activity of gill epithelium, temperature resistance, ciliary activity for transport of suspended particulate, valve opening and embryo development, suggest that the high catalytic efficiency of the invasive species may endow it with a competitive advantage over the endemic species. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 2449534 | Farage-Elawar M, Francis BM: Effects of multiple dosing of fenthion, fenitrothion, and desbromoleptophos in young chicks. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;23(2):217-28. The effects of multiple doses of desbromoleptophos, fenitrothion, and pure fenthion on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE), and walking were investigated in immature chicks, below the age of sensitivity to organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). |
10(0,0,1,5) | Details |
| 2439699 | Farage-Elawar M, Francis BM: Acute and delayed effects of fenthion in young chicks. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1987;21(4):455-69. The effects of desbromoleptophos, fenitrothion, and fenthion on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE), and walking were investigated in immature chicks, below the age of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). |
10(0,0,1,5) | Details |
| 1996909 | Busby DG, White LM, Pearce PA: Brain acetylcholinesterase activity in forest songbirds exposed to a new method of UULV fenitrothion spraying. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Jan;20(1):25-31. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in forest songbirds exposed to Ultra Ultra Low Volume (UULV) aerial spraying of fenitrothion in New Brunswick for spruce budworm control. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 4023425 | Sugiyama S, Igarashi T, Ueno K, Satoh T, Kitagawa H: Increase in anti-carboxylesterase action of organophosphorothioates by (NAD) in vitro. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1985 Jun;48(3):455-8. Experiments using with three organophosphorothioates having ethoxy group except for diazinon exhibited greater NAD-effect than those having methoxy ones such as methylparathion and fenitrothion. In addition, the extent of NAD-effect using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was lesser than that of CEase, therefore, a higher susceptibility of liver microsomal CEase to organophosphorus insecticides may be explained, at least inpart, by NAD-effect. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11996124 | Pena-Llopis S, Ferrando MD, Pena JB: Impaired redox status is associated with decreased survival in two organophosphate-poisoned marine bivalves. Chemosphere. 2002 May;47(5):485-97. Biomonitoring organophosphate (OP) exposure in marine environments is generally achieved by the measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity in bivalves like mussels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between survival from the OP insecticide fenitrothion and levels in marine bivalves. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 2453943 | Farage-Elawar M, Francis BM: Effects of fenthion, fenitrothion and desbromoleptophos on gait, acetylcholinesterase, and neurotoxic esterase in young chicks after in ovo exposure. Toxicology. 1988 May;49(2-3):253-61. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 10051365 | Surendra Nath B, Surendra Kumar RP: Toxic impact of organophosphorus insecticides on acetylcholinesterase activity in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Feb;42(2):157-62. The effect of widely used commercial-grade organophosphorus insecticides, namely, fenitrothion and ethion, on acetylcholinesterase activity and levels in brain, fat body, and silk gland of Bombyx mori on Days 1, 3, and 5 and food intake of the fifth instar were studied. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 17089720 | Fildes K, Astheimer LB, Story P, Buttemer WA, Hooper MJ: Cholinesterase response in native birds exposed to fenitrothion during locust control operations in eastern Australia. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 Nov;25(11):2964-70. To evaluate fenitrothion exposure in birds attending locust outbreaks, we measured total plasma cholinesterase (ChE), butrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in four avian species captured pre- and postfenitrothion application and ChE reactivation in birds caught postspray only. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 1703470 | Picollo de Villar MI, Fontan A, Wood E, Zerba E: The biochemical basis of tolerance to malathion in Rhodnius prolixus. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1990;96(2):361-5. LC50 of malathion, fenitrothion and lindane were determined in R. prolixus and T. infestans. Acetylcholinesterase from R. prolixus heads was 3.3-fold less sensitive to inhibition by malaoxon than the similar enzyme of T. infestans. 4. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11425027 | Lee SE, Lees EM: Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) resistant to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl. J Econ Entomol. 2001 Jun;94(3):706-13. The acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities of three strains of Oryzaephilus srinamensis (L.) were examined to better understand biochemical mechanisms of resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17764719 | Damasio J, Guilhermino L, Soares AM, Riva MC, Barata C: Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in Daphnia magna exposed to the insecticide fenitrothion. Chemosphere. 2007 Nov;70(1):74-82. Epub 2007 Aug 30. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17568372 | Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnoparut P: Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):7-15. Biochemical assay results suggested that nonspecific esterases conferred fenitrothion resistance in Ae. aegypti in Nakhon Sawan, while insensitive AChE and/or nonspecific esterases could play role in fenitrothion resistance in Nakhon Ratchasrima. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 17178631 | Sochaski MA, McManus BM, Struve MF, Wallace DG, Dorman DC: Inhibition and recovery of maternal and foetal cholinesterase enzymes following fenitrothion administration in CD rats. Xenobiotica. 2007 Jan;37(1):19-29. Acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities in maternal liver and blood and in foetal liver and brain decreased within 30-60 min of fenitrothion exposure. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 14697262 | Nabeshima T, Mori A, Kozaki T, Iwata Y, Hidoh O, Harada S, Kasai S, Severson DW, Kono Y, Tomita T: An amino acid substitution attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in a Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jan 16;313(3):794-801. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 6726618 | Matsubara T, Horikoshi I: Chemical reactivations of inactivated acetylcholinesterase after 2-PAM therapy in fenitrothion-poisoned rat and rabbit. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1984 Feb;7(2):131-7. By single treatment with 2-PAM carried out immediately after fenitrothion administration, the significant reactivations of inactivated AChE in red blood cell (RBC) and brain as well as inactivated cholinesterase (ChE) in plasma were observed at 2 h after administration of 20 mg/kg fenitrothion in rat, while these reactivations became less in rats severely poisoned with 500 mg/kg fenitrothion. |
176(1,4,4,6) | Details |
| 8812182 | Escartin E, Porte C: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii exposed to fenitrothion. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Jul;34(2):160-4. |
119(1,2,3,4) | Details |
| 1595894 | Kumaran S, Tran-Minh C: Determination of organophosphorous and insecticides by flow injection analysis. Anal Biochem. 1992 Jan;200(1):187-94. A flow injection system, incorporating an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) single bead string reactor (SBSR), for the determination of some organophosphorous (azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bromophos-methyl, dichlorovos, fenitrothion, malathion, paraoxon, parathion-ethyl and parathion-methyl) and insecticides (carbofuran and carbaryl) is presented. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10771584 | Nigg HN, Knaak JB: Blood cholinesterases as human biomarkers of organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000;163:29-111. In some cases, P-450 isozymes catalyze the oxidative cleavage of P-O-aryl bonds (e.g., parathion, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, and diazinon) to form inactive water-soluble alkyl phosphates and aryl leaving groups that are readily conjugated with glucuronic or sulfuric acids and excreted. The basic biochemical characteristics of RBC AChE and BChE were determined in the 1940s. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 12449529 | Kasagami T, Miyamoto T, Yamamoto I: Activated transformations of organophosphorus insecticides in the case of non-AChE inhibitory oxons. Pest Manag Sci. 2002 Nov;58(11):1107-17. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 6636207 | Kobayashi H, Yuyama A, Kudo M, Matsusaka N: Effects of organophosphorus compounds, O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) (DDVP) and O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl phosphorothioate (fenitrothion), on brain content and acetylcholinesterase activity in Japanese quail. Toxicology. 1983;28(3):219-27. In vitro, DDVP and fenitrothion inhibited AChE activity in brain homogenate with an I50 of 10 (-8) M and 10 (-5) M, respectively. |
94(1,1,3,4) | Details |
| 3438612 | Ishimatsu S, Igisu H, Tanaka I, Inoue N, Akiyama T: [The inhaled effects of fenitrothion powder on blood cholinesterase in rats]. J UOEH. 1987 Dec 1;9(4):379-83. Experiments in vitro revealed that fenitrothion has almost the same potency to inhibit AChE (in pre-washed red cell membrane) and PChE. |
93(1,1,3,3) | Details |
| 7644694 | Groszek B, Pach J, Klys M: Intermediate syndrome in acute fenitrothion poisoning. Przegl Lek. 1995;52(5):271-4. Clinical state on admission, AChE activity and pesticide concentration in blood were considered. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 17294923 | Lee SW, Kasai S, Komagata O, Kobayashi M, Agui N, Kono Y, Tomita T: Molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterase cDNAs in Pediculus human lice. J Med Entomol. 2007 Jan;44(1):72-9. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 10321902 | Barber D, Correll L, Ehrich M: Comparative effectiveness of organophosphorus protoxicant activating systems in neuroblastoma cells and brain homogenates. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 May 14;57(1):63-74. The ability of and rat liver microsomes (RLM) to convert organophosphorus (OP) protoxicants to esterase inhibitors was determined by measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition. OP protoxicants examined included tri-o-tolyl (TOTP), O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN), leptophos, fenitrothion, fenthion, and malathion. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 6719493 | Bhagyalakshmi A, Reddy PS, Ramamurthi R: The in vivo inhibition and recovery of acetylcholinesterase in the thoracic ganglionic mass of the freshwater rice field crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex) during and after exposure to sumithion. Toxicol Lett. 1984 May;21(2):135-9. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 10571459 | Bendahou N, Bounias M, Fleche C: Toxicity of cypermethrin and fenitrothion on the hemolymph carbohydrates, head acetylcholinesterase, and thoracic muscle Na+, K+-ATPase of emerging honeybees (Apis mellifera mellifera. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Oct;44(2):139-46. The kinetic analysis of honeybee's acetylcholinesterase inhibition by fenitrothion, indicated that this insecticide acts (P < 0.05) on acetylcholinesterase activity. |
87(1,1,2,2) | Details |
| 17166588 | Forcella M, Berra E, Giacchini R, Rossaro B, Parenti P: Increased concentration is associated with exposure to fenitrothion but not carbamates in Chironomus riparius larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Mar;66(3):326-34. Epub 2006 Dec 12. AChE activity was significantly reduced by all three insecticides, PNPAE by fenitrothion, carbofuran and carbaryl, whereas NAE activity was stimulated by carbaryl and unaffected by fenitrothion and carbofuran. |
83(1,1,1,3) | Details |
| 11483435 | Kozaki T, Shono T, Tomita T, Kono Y: Fenitroxon insensitive acetylcholinesterases of the housefly, Musca domestica associated with point mutations. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;31(10):991-7. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 3927568 | Nistiar F, Hrusovsky J, Mojzis J: [The effect of dichlorvos and metathion on selected enzymes of the amoeba Tetrahymena pyriformis]. Vet Med. 1985 Jul;30(7):443-7. The effect of dichlorvos and metathion was studied as exerted on acetylcholinesterase activity in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16651186 | Hsu JC, Haymer DS, Wu WJ, Feng HT: Mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Bactrocera dorsalis associated with resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 May;36(5):396-402. Epub 2006 Mar 2. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17017223 | Cui F, Raymond M, Berthomieu A, Alout H, Weill M, Qiao CL: Recent emergence of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in Chinese populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 2006 Sep;43(5):878-83. Bioassays performed with a purified G119S strain indicated that this substitution was associated with high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, malathion, and parathion, but low levels of resistance to dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and fenthion. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10928684 | Srivastava AK, Malik JK: Effect of diacetylmonoxime on blood enzymes in fenitrothion-dosed buffalo calves. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Aug;42(4):212-5. Fenitrothion given po at 435 mg/kg bw produced pronounced inhibition of blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and elevation in serum and alanine aminotransferases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase within 30 min. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 18755020 | Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168. METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 2341701 | Mineau P, Sundarem KM, Sundarem A, Feng C, Busby DG, Pearce PA: An improved method to study the impact of pesticide sprays on small song birds. J Environ Sci Health B. 1990 Feb;25(1):105-35. Four test groups of small songbirds (Zebra Finch, Poephila guttata) were sprayed in a chamber with varying concentrations of fenitrothion. Significant depression in body weights and brain acetylcholinesterase levels were noted only for the highest exposure group. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17915512 | Djogbenou L, Weill M, Hougard JM, Raymond M, Akogbeto M, Chandre F: Characterization of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1R) in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): resistance levels and dominance. J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):805-10. Furthermore, the dominance status varied between semi-recessivity with fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos methyl insecticides to semidominance with temephos, carbosulfan, and propoxur. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7288097 | El-Sebae AH, Enan EE, Soliman SA, El-Fiki S, Khamees E: Biochemical effects of some organophosphorus insecticide on new targets in white rats. J Environ Sci Health B. 1981;16(4):475-91. The three S-n-propyl phosphates and phosphothioates: RH 218, profenofos and prothiophos were compared with fenitrothion in their potential as inhibitors of rat liver and brain AChE. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7938978 | Igisu H, Matsumura H, Matsuoka M: [Acetylcholinesterase in the erythrocyte membrane] . J UOEH. 1994 Sep 1;16(3):253-62. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9049051 | Matsumura H, Matsuoka M, Igisu H, Ikeda M: Cooperative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities by hexachlorophene in human erythrocytes. Arch Toxicol. 1997;71(3):151-6. Neither neostigmine nor fenitrothion altered the cooperativity. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11402652 | Srivastava AK, Malik JK: Therapeutic efficacy of oxime reactivators in fenitrothion toxicity in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Acta Vet Hung. 2001;49(2):229-35. As compared to 2- methochloride, DAM was also more effective in reactivating the fenitrothion-inhibited erythrocyte and plasma acetylcholinesterase and serum carboxylesterase enzymes and reversing fenitrothion-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperproteinaemia and hypercreatinaemia in animals. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7337858 | Hamilton GA, Hunter K, Ruthven AD: Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in songbirds exposed to fenitrothion during aerial spraying of forests. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1981 Dec;27(6):856-63. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18969806 | Solna R, Sapelnikova S, Skladal P, Winther-Nielsen M, Carlsson C, Emneus J, Ruzgas T: Multienzyme electrochemical array sensor for determination of phenols and pesticides. Talanta. 2005 Jan 30;65(2):349-57. The screen-printed four-electrode system was used as the amperometric transducer for determination of phenols and pesticides using immobilised tyrosinase, peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The detection of and as well as of pesticides including carbaryl, heptenophos and fenitrothion was carried out in flow-through and steady state arrangements. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19655174 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Cardenas R, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Pyrethroid and organophosphates resistance in Anopheles (N.) nuneztovari Gabaldon populations from malaria endemic areas in Colombia. Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct;105(5):1399-409. Epub 2009 Aug 5. Insecticides evaluated included the pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, organophosphates malathion and fenitrothion, and the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Evidence is presented for low-level initial selection of some resistance mechanisms such as mixed-function oxidases and modified acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 3439878 | Osicka-Koprowska A, Gradowska-Olszewska I, Wysocka-Paruszewska B: Adrenocortical changes and uptake of 4-14C- in rats intoxicated with fenitrothion. Arch Toxicol. 1987;61(1):76-8. A significant increase in plasma levels and depletion of content in adrenal glands occurred in rats between 1 and 5 h after a single dose (50% LD50) of fenitrothion, returning to normal levels within 12 h; brain AChE activity decreased to about 59-43% and significant inhibition of the enzyme was observed for up to 24 h after intoxication. |
62(0,2,2,2) | Details |
| 9827055 | Sancho E, Ferrando MD, Andreu E: In vivo inhibition of AChE activity in the European eel Anguilla anguilla exposed to technical grade fenitrothion. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1998 Oct;120(3):389-95. |
46(0,1,3,6) | Details |
| 11097804 | Kim YA, Lee HS, Park YC, Lee YT: A convenient method for oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides in organic solvents. Environ Res. 2000 Nov;84(3):303-9. The inhibitory power of the pesticides on acetylcholinesterase before and after oxidation was measured and, for all pesticides tested, the power after oxidation was much higher than that before oxidation. Inhibition calibration curves for both unoxidized and oxidized forms of fenitrothion and parathion were obtained. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19274371 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with cross-resistance between DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in Anopheles darlingi Root 1926 populations from Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Feb;104(1):18-26. All field populations were susceptible to deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. Enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance, including mixed function oxidases (MFO), non-specific esterases (NSE), glutathione S-transferases and modified acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in all populations and compared with a susceptible natural strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10344087 | Varnagy L, Budai P, Zajak A, Varga T, Molnar E: Model field study of Sumithion 50 EC and Fusilade S on pheasants. Acta Vet Hung. 1999;47(2):271-7. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the blood decreased significantly in both dose groups. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18207076 | Hsu JC, Wu WJ, Haymer DS, Liao HY, Feng HT: Alterations of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis are correlated with resistance to the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Feb;38(2):146-54. Epub 2007 Oct 11. The AChE enzyme from a strain selected for resistance to the insecticide fenitrothion shows substantially lower catalytic efficiency for various substrates and 124-, 373- and 5810-fold less sensitivity to inhibition by paraoxon, eserine and fenitroxon, respectively, compared to that of the fenitrothion susceptible line. |
42(0,1,2,7) | Details |
| 20169407 | Mdegela RH, Mosha RD, Sandvik M, Skaare JU: Assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity in Clarias gariepinus as a biomarker of organophosphate and exposure. Ecotoxicology. 2010 Feb 19. Concentrations of pesticides that inhibited 50% (IC (50)) of AChE activities in brain homogenates following in vitro exposures were 0.003, 0.03, 0.15, 190, 0.2, 0.003 and 0.002 muM for carbaryl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, pirimiphosmethyl and profenofos, respectively. |
40(0,1,1,10) | Details |
| 12463571 | Choi J, Caquet T, Roche H: Multilevel effects of sublethal fenitrothion exposure in Chironomus riparius Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Dec;21(12):2725-30. Biochemical effects were investigated through measurements of acetylcholinesterase and cytosolic superoxide dismutase activities. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20143730 | Lajmanovich RC, Attademo AM, Peltzer PM, Junges CM: Inhibition and recovery of cholinesterases in Odontophrynus americanus tadpoles exposed to fenitrothion. J Environ Biol. 2009 Sep;30(5 Suppl):923-6. The mean brain AChE activities in the controls tadpoles varied from 6.91 to 6.39 micromol min (-1) mg (-1) protein, whereas tail BChE activities ranged among 0.26 to 0.17 micromol min (-1) mg (-1) protein; the two sublethal concentrations of fenitrothion assayed produced AChE and BChE inhibition (p < 0.01). |
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| 3590223 | Malik JK, Srivastava AK: Effects of cholinesterase reactivators and atropine on fenitrothion-induced hypothermia in Bubalus bubalis. Toxicol Lett. 1987 May;36(3):289-95. Treatment with DAM alone or in conjunction with atropine at the time of severe toxicity (within 1 h) significantly (P less than 0.01) reversed fenitrothion-induced hypothermia and AChE inhibition. |
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| 18240518 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Fernandez D: Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2007 Dec;23(4):420-9. Biochemical tests showed high frequencies of esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activity; however, the frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism was low. Eight Latin American strains of Aedes aegypti were evaluated for resistance to 6 organophosphates (temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and chlorpirifos) and 4 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) under laboratory conditions. |
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| 9972475 | Porte C, Escartin E: Cytochrome P450 system in the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii: a field study. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;121(1-3):333-8. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the same specimens, corroborating that these organisms were exposed to fenitrothion, and the usefulness of AChE as a marker of pesticide poisoning in P. clarkii. |
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| 11222873 | Tamura H, Maness SC, Reischmann K, Dorman DC, Gray LE, Gaido KW: Androgen receptor antagonism by the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Mar;60(1):56-62. In contrast, blood acetylcholinesterase activity, a standard biomarker of organophosphate poisoning, was only inhibited at the higher dose of fenitrothion (30 mg/kg). |
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| 7097809 | Kanoh S, Kawasaki H, Yoshida M, Nishio A: Studies on chronic toxicity of the low levels of O, O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl- phosphorothionate (sumithion) in the rat. J Toxicol Sci. 1982 Feb;7(1):43-50. Acetylcholinesterase activity of brain, liver and red blood cells slightly decreased in the first month after feeding, but it recovered and kept normal level unit the end of experiment. |
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| 3775780 | Durham HD, Ecobichon DJ: An assessment of the potential of fenitrothion in the hen. Toxicology. 1986 Nov;41(3):319-32. Hens (2.0-2.5 kg body wt) received single oral doses of fenitrothion (500 mg/kg) or TOTP (500 mg/kg), the resulting toxicity being assessed by measuring biochemical (brain and spinal cord acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase (NTE), physiological (motor function) and morphological (cross- and longitudinally-sectioned and stained preparations) parameters of the brains, spinal cords and sciatic nerves of groups (n = 5) of hens at 24 h, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post-treatment. |
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| 7397422 | Bhagyalakshmi A, Ramamurthi R: Recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity from fenitrothion-induced inhibition in the freshwater field crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1980 Jun;24(6):866-9. |
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| 7919717 | Kuhn K, Streit B: Detecting sublethal effects of organophosphates by measuring acetylcholinesterase activity in Gammarus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994 Sep;53(3):398-404. |
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| 15986576 | You KS, Lee MH, Park KH: A rat model to evaluate the pesticide permeability and stress effects of protective clothing. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 May;21(3-4):49-55. Fenitrothion, an organophosphate insecticide, was detected in plasma after application on the dorsal area in plasma of nongarmented and garmented (comparable to regular human work clothes) rats. Plasma acetylcholine esterase activity was decreased, suggesting intoxication in these animals. |
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