Protein Information

Name phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Synonyms PCK 1; PCK1; PEP carboxykinase; PEPCK cytosolic; PEPCK 1; PEPCK C; PEPCKC…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19635791 Stark R, Pasquel F, Turcu A, Pongratz RL, Roden M, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG: Phosphoenolpyruvate cycling via mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase links anaplerosis and mitochondrial GTP with insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 25;284(39):26578-90. Epub 2009 Jul 27.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
15347677 Burgess SC, Hausler N, Merritt M, Jeffrey FM, Storey C, Milde A, Koshy S, Lindner J, Magnuson MA, Malloy CR, Sherry AD: Impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mouse livers lacking cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):48941-9. Epub 2004 Sep 3.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12512946 Waagepetersen HS, Qu H, Hertz L, Sonnewald U, Schousboe A: Demonstration of pyruvate recycling in primary cultures of neocortical astrocytes but not in neurons. Neurochem Res. 2002 Nov;27(11):1431-7.


This change in the position of the label can only occur by entry of [3-(13) C] glutamate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, conversion of labeled alpha-ketoglutarate to malate or oxaloacetate, malic enzyme-mediated decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-mediated conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and subsequent hydrolysis of the latter to pyruvate, and introduction of the labeled pyruvate into the TCA cycle, i.e., after exit of the carbon skeleton of pyruvate from the TCA cycle followed by re-entry of the same pyruvate molecules via acetyl CoA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12948633 Gerstmeir R, Wendisch VF, Schnicke S, Ruan H, Farwick M, Reinscheid D, Eikmanns BJ: Acetate metabolism and its regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Biotechnol. 2003 Sep 4;104(1-3):99-122.


These genes, thus also belonging to the acetate stimulon of C. glutamicum, include genes coding for TCA cycle enzymes (e.g. aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase), for gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), for glycolysis (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1) and genes coding for proteins with hitherto unknown function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15797985 Burgess SC, Jeffrey FM, Storey C, Milde A, Hausler N, Merritt ME, Mulder H, Holm C, Sherry AD, Malloy CR: Effect of murine strain on metabolic pathways of glucose production after brief or prolonged fasting. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;289(1):E53-61. Epub 2005 Mar 29.


FVB mice also had a 30% higher in vivo phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase flux and total glucose production from the level of the TCA cycle compared with B6 and 129 strains, while total body glucose production in the 129 strain was approximately 30% lower than in either FVB or B6 mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20167786 Zhao S, Xu W, Jiang W, Yu W, Lin Y, Zhang T, Yao J, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Li H, Li Y, Shi J, An W, Hancock SM, He F, Qin L, Chin J, Yang P, Chen X, Lei Q, Xiong Y, Guan KL: Regulation of cellular metabolism by protein lysine acetylation. . Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1000-4.


Acetylation activated enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase in fatty acid oxidation and malate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle, inhibited argininosuccinate lyase in the urea cycle, and destabilized phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12855734 Liu K, Yu J, Russell DG: pckA-deficient Mycobacterium bovis BCG shows attenuated virulence in mice and in macrophages. Microbiology. 2003 Jul;149(Pt 7):1829-35.


Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyses the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15562253 Jin ES, Burgess SC, Merritt ME, Sherry AD, Malloy CR: Differing mechanisms of hepatic glucose overproduction in triiodothyronine-treated rats vs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;288(4):E654-62. Epub 2004 Nov 23.


In T3-treated rats, the hepatic glycogen content and hence the contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production was essentially zero; in this case, excess glucose production was due to a dramatic increase in gluconeogenesis from TCA cycle intermediates. 13C NMR analysis also revealed increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase flux (4x), increased pyruvate cycling flux (4x), and increased TCA flux (5x) in T3-treated animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17403375 Burgess SC, He T, Yan Z, Lindner J, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Browning JD, Magnuson MA: Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase does not solely control the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the intact mouse liver. Cell Metab. 2007 Apr;5(4):313-20.


Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), commonly considered the control point for liver gluconeogenesis, is normally regulated by circulating hormones to match systemic glucose demand.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17339216 Hynes MJ, Szewczyk E, Murray SL, Suzuki Y, Davis MA, Sealy-Lewis HM: Transcriptional control of gluconeogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics. 2007 May;176(1):139-50. Epub 2007 Mar 4.


We have cloned the acuG gene encoding fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase and found that expression of this gene is regulated by carbon catabolite repression as well as by induction by a TCA cycle intermediate similar to the induction of the previously studied acuF gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12526195 Karavaiko GI, Zakharchuk LM, Bogdanova TI, Egorova MA, Tsaplina IA, Krasil'nikova EN: [The enzyme of carbon metabolism in the thermotolerant sulfobacillus strain K1]. Mikrobiologiia. 2002 Nov-Dec;71(6):755-61.


The activities of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase decreased with the increasing content of CO2 in the medium.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15491857 Zamboni N, Maaheimo H, Szyperski T, Hohmann HP, Sauer U: The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase also catalyzes C3 carboxylation at the interface of glycolysis and the TCA cycle of Bacillus subtilis. Metab Eng. 2004 Oct;6(4):277-84.

1(0,0,0,1) Details