Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor alpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17072339 Starczynowski DT, Trautmann H, Pott C, Harder L, Arnold N, Africa JA, Leeman JR, Siebert R, Gilmore TD: Mutation of an IKK phosphorylation site within the transactivation domain of REL in two patients with B-cell lymphoma enhances REL's in vitro transforming activity. Oncogene. 2007 Apr 26;26(19):2685-94. Epub 2006 Oct 30.


The S525P mutation reduces IKKalpha- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-stimulated transactivation by a GAL4-REL protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16389718 Ruetsch O, Viala A, Bardou H, Martin P, Vacheron MN: [Psychotropic drugs induced weight gain: a review of the literature concerning epidemiological data, mechanisms and management]. Encephale. 2005 Jul-Aug;31(4 Pt 1):507-16.


According to current concepts, appetite and feeding are regulated by a complex of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, cytokines and hormones interacting with the hypothalamus, including the leptin and the tumor necrosis factor system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15450858 Hassoun EA, Kini V: Effects of superoxide dismutase and polyclonal tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies on chloroacetate-induced cellular death and superoxide anion production by J774.A1 macrophages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;138(2):113-20.

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18383346 Gavillet M, Allaman I, Magistretti PJ: Modulation of astrocytic metabolic phenotype by proinflammatory cytokines. Glia. 2008 Jul;56(9):975-89.


In previous experiments, we showed that long-term treatment with interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) alone increases glucose utilization in primary culture of mouse astrocytes.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12609461 Dredge K, Connor TJ, Kelly JP, Leonard BE: Differential effect of a single high dose of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine on interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion following an in vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge in rats. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Oct;21(10):663-73.

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17380379 Beretti F, Cenacchi V, Portolani M, Ardizzoni A, Blasi E, Cermelli C: A transmissible cytotoxic activity isolated from a patient with brain ischemia causes microglial cell activation and dysfunction. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007 Jun;27(4):517-28. Epub 2007 Mar 23.


Moreover, TCA-treated cells produced amounts of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide significantly higher than mock-treated cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15822568 Toribio RE, Kohn CW, Hardy J, Rosol TJ: Alterations in serum parathyroid hormone and electrolyte concentrations and urinary excretion of electrolytes in horses with induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;19(2):223-31.

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) administration to healthy horses on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium (Ca2+) and total calcium (tCa), ionized magnesium (Mg2+) and total magnesium (tMg), phosphate (Pi), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and insulin concentrations, and on the urinary excretion of these electrolytes.
In LPS-infused horses, heart rate increased significantly from (mean +/- SD) 40.0 +/- 1.3 to 70.0 +/- 9.0 beats/min, respiratory rate from 12.7 +/- 1.0 to 21.1 +/- 3.0 breaths/min, body temperature from 37.4 +/- 0.3 to 38.9 +/- 0.6 degrees C, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations from 6.6 +/- 3.5 to 507 +/- 260 pg/mL (P < .05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details