Protein Information

Name alanine aminotransferase
Synonyms AAT1; AAT1; GPT; ALT 1; ALT1; Alanine aminotransferase; Alanine aminotransferase 1; GPT 1…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12119542 Madej M, Lundh T, Lindberg JE: Activity of enzymes involved in energy production in the small intestine during suckling-weaning transition of pigs. Biol Neonate. 2002;82(1):53-60.


The activity of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was determined in the small intestine epithelium of piglets during suckling-weaning transition.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12126200 Kocazeybek B, Arabaci U, Sezgic M: Investigation of transfusion transmitted viruses in cases clinically suspected of posttransfusion hepatitis with undetermined ethiology. Transfus Apher Sci. 2002 Jun;26(3):157-65.


They had alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels < 40 U, were seronegative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17622976 Celik I, Tuluce Y: Elevation protective role of Camellia sinensis and Urtica dioica infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats. Phytother Res. 2007 Nov;21(11):1039-44.


The preventive potential of the plant infusions was evaluated by measuring the level of serum marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); antioxidant defense systems, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT); and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) content in various organs of rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12742074 Schousboe A, Sonnewald U, Waagepetersen HS: Differential roles of alanine in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. . Neurochem Int. 2003 Sep-Oct;43(4-5):311-5.


Studies in different preparations of neurons and astrocytes of alanine transport and activities of its metabolizing enzyme alanine aminotransferase have led to the proposal that this amino acid is preferentially synthesized in astrocytes and transferred from the astrocytic to the neuronal compartment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15121741 Howarth KR, LeBlanc PJ, Heigenhauser GJ, Gibala MJ: Effect of endurance training on muscle TCA cycle metabolism during exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;97(2):579-84. Epub 2004 Apr 30.


Training also attenuated the exercise-induced decrease in glutamate concentration (posttraining: 4.5 +/- 0.7 vs. pretraining: 7.7 +/- 0.6 mmol/kg dry wt) and increase in alanine concentration (posttraining: 3.3 +/- 0.2 vs. pretraining: 5.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt; P < 0.05), which is consistent with reduced carbon flux through alanine aminotransferase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16933615 Xia MS, Hu CH, Zhao WY: [Study on the antibacterial mechanisms of copper-bearing montmorillonite] . Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2006 Jun 4;46(3):432-5.


The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of bacteria were examined and the results showed treatment with Cu-MMT could lead to significant release of intracellular enzymes from the tested bacteria suggesting that the permeability of the cell membrane increased and bacteria suffered injury.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12766182 Dawson KD, Howarth KR, Tarnopolsky MA, Wong ND, Gibala MJ: Short-term training attenuates muscle TCA cycle expansion during exercise in women. J Appl Physiol. 2003 Sep;95(3):999-1004. Epub 2003 May 23.


We hypothesized that 5 days of STT would attenuate pyruvate production and the increase in muscle tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAI) during exercise, because of reduced flux through the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (AAT; pyruvate + glutamate <--> 2-oxoglutarate + alanine).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19367038 Xu X, Yang R, Wu N, Zhong P, Ke Y, Zhou L, Yuan J, Li G, Huang H, Wu B: Severe hypersensitivity dermatitis and liver dysfunction induced by occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Ind Health. 2009 Apr;47(2):107-12.


In addition, liver enlargement occurred in 3 patients, the abnormal rate of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (T-Bil) were 90.5%, 85.7% and 76.2%, respectively. 6 out of 15 patients were with abnormal electrocardiogram, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) elevated in 14 patients (66.7%).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18027994 Bowtell JL, Marwood S, Bruce M, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL: Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size: functional importance for oxidative metabolism in exercising human skeletal muscle. Sports Med. 2007;37(12):1071-88.


Cycloserine inhibits alanine aminotransferase, which catalyses the predominant anaplerotic reaction in exercising human muscle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18565563 Ramdhan DH, Kamijima M, Yamada N, Ito Y, Yanagiba Y, Nakamura D, Okamura A, Ichihara G, Aoyama T, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T: Molecular mechanism of trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity mediated by CYP2E1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;231(3):300-7. Epub 2008 May 2.


The mice were exposed by inhalation to 0 (control), 1000, or 2000 ppm of TRI for 8 h a day, for 7 days, and TRI-hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and histopathology.
1(0,0,0,1) Details