Protein Information

Name monoamine oxidase
Synonyms Adrenalin oxidase; Amine oxidase; Amine oxidase [flavin containing] B; MAO B; MAOB; Monoamine oxidase; Monoamine oxidase B; Monoamine oxidase type B…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15553532 Miller J: Managing antidepression overdoses. Emerg Med Serv. 2004 Oct;33(10):113-9.


Although there are seven distinct classes of antidepressants, prehospital care professionals should at minimum be able to distinguish the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and newer antidepressants that are none of these.
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15663788 Berggard C, Damberg M, Oreland L: Brainstem levels of transcription factor AP-2 in rat are changed after treatment with phenelzine, but not with citalopram. BMC Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 21;5:1.


BACKGROUND: Before therapeutic effect is obtained after treatment with antidepressant drugs, like serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is) there is an initial lag-period of a few weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19766953 Nishtala PS, McLachlan AJ, Bell JS, Chen TF: Determinants of antidepressant medication prescribing in elderly residents of aged care homes in Australia: a retrospective study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2009 Aug;7(4):210-9.


SSRIs were more commonly prescribed than TCAs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and other antidepressants.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15778882 Feltenstein MW, Sufka KJ: Screening antidepressants in the chick separation-stress paradigm. Psychopharmacology. 2005 Aug;181(1):153-9. Epub 2005 Oct 15.


OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present research was to further validate the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by examining its sensitivity to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg/kg), the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) maprotiline (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) under acute (no pretreatment) or repeated (3 or 6 days pretreatment) administration procedures.
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20191898 Zamosteanu N, Filip C, Jerca L, Albut I, Cuciureanu R: Biogenic amines determination in some Romanian meat products. . Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2009 Oct-Dec;113(4):1195-9.


CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates the presence of biogenic amines in Romanian meat products and signals to the risk of food consumption, for persons which are allergic or for those under classical monoamine-oxidase inhibitor drug therapy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12943557 Damberg M, Berggard C, Oreland L: Phenelzine treatment increases transcription factor AP-2 levels in rat brain. BMC Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 28;3:10. Epub 2003 Aug 28.


We have also reported an association between a specific genotype of AP-2beta to personality traits, binge-eating disorder and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14994733 Alexopoulos GS, Streim J, Carpenter D, Docherty JP: Using antipsychotic agents in older patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 2:5-99; discussion 100-102; quiz 103-4.


In combining antidepressants and antipsychotics, the experts would be much more cautious with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that are more potent inhibitors of the CYP 450 enzymes (i.e., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine) and with nefazodone, TCAs, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12495364 De Lima MS, Hotopf M: Benefits and risks of pharmacotherapy for dysthymia: a systematic appraisal of the evidence. Drug Saf. 2003;26(1):55-64.


Regarding placebo-controlled trials (n = 16), similar results were obtained in terms of efficacy for different groups of drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and other drugs (sulpiride, amineptine, and ritanserin).
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18761333 Heydendael W, Jacobson L: Differential effects of imipramine and phenelzine on corticosteroid receptor gene expression in mouse brain: potential relevance to antidepressant response. Brain Res. 2008 Oct 31;1238:93-107. Epub 2008 Aug 16.


Because monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) are often more effective than tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) for atypical depression, we hypothesized that to normalize HPA function in atypical depression, MAOI would differ from TCA in decreasing rather than increasing feedback sensitivity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16229049 Mayers AG, Baldwin DS: Antidepressants and their effect on sleep. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2005 Dec;20(8):533-59.


Insomnia is often seen with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), with all tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) except amitriptyline, and all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with venlafaxine and moclobemide as well.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17640153 Thase ME: Recognition and diagnosis of atypical depression. . J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 8:11-6.


The term atypical depression dates to the first wave of reports describing differential response to monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20077058 Winecker RE: Quantification of antidepressants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;603:45-56.

These are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), cyclic antidepressants including tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and atypical compounds.
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