Protein Information

Name glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
Synonyms 6 phosphogluconolactonase; GDH; G6PDH; Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein; GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein precursor; Glucose 1 dehydrogenase; Glucose dehydrogenase…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17631881 Nicolas C, Kiefer P, Letisse F, Kromer J, Massou S, Soucaille P, Wittmann C, Lindley ND, Portais JC: Response of the central metabolism of Escherichia coli to modified expression of the gene encoding the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 2007 Aug 7;581(20):3771-6. Epub 2007 Jul 3.

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15881660 Selvendiran K, Thirunavukkarasu C, Singh JP, Padmavathi R, Sakthisekaran D: Chemopreventive effect of piperine on mitochondrial TCA cycle and phase-I and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in benzo (a) pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Mar;271(1-2):101-6.


The activities of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were significantly lowered in lung-cancer bearing mice when compared with control mice.
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16233247 Lim SJ, Jung YM, Shin HD, Lee YH: Amplification of the NADPH-related genes zwf and gnd for the oddball biosynthesis of PHB in an E. coli transformant harboring a cloned phbCAB operon. J Biosci Bioeng. 2002;93(6):543-9.


NADPH, a major reducing power in microorganisms, is mostly generated from the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) expressed by the zwf and gnd genes, respectively.
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19401345 Kominsky DJ, Klawitter J, Brown JL, Boros LG, Melo JV, Eckhardt SG, Serkova NJ: Abnormalities in glucose uptake and metabolism in imatinib-resistant human BCR-ABL-positive cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 May 15;15(10):3442-50. Epub 2009 Apr 28.


In addition, oxidative synthesis of RNA ribose from (13) C-glucose via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was decreased, and RNA synthesis via the nonoxidative transketolase pathway was increased in imatinib-resistant cells.
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16359766 Miccheli A, Tomassini A, Puccetti C, Valerio M, Peluso G, Tuccillo F, Calvani M, Manetti C, Conti F: Metabolic profiling by 13C-NMR spectroscopy: [1,2-13C2] glucose reveals a heterogeneous metabolism in human leukemia T cells. Biochimie. 2006 May;88(5):437-48. Epub 2005 Nov 7.


In particular, the contribution of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase activities to phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthesis was evaluated directly by the determination of isotopomers of the [1'-(13) C], [4',5'-(13) C (2)] ribosyl moiety of nucleotides.
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19002931 Yallop CA, Norby PL, Jensen R, Reinbach H, Svendsen I: Characterisation of G418-induced metabolic load in recombinant CHO and BHK cells: effect on the activity and expression of central metabolic enzymes. Cytotechnology. 2003 Jul;42(2):87-99.


The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in CHO cells was also increased whilst lactate dehydrogenase activity remained unaltered, suggesting an increased flux to the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle, respectively.
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19603213 Wu L, Li Z, Ye Q: Enhanced D-ribose biosynthesis in batch culture of a transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis strain by citrate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Oct;36(10):1289-96. Epub 2009 Jul 15.


Addition of citrate reduced the activities of pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase, while it increased those of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.
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18698648 Chin JW, Khankal R, Monroe CA, Maranas CD, Cirino PC: Analysis of NADPH supply during xylitol production by engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009 Jan 1;102(1):209-20.


For the case of xylose-proton symport, omitting the Zwf (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) or PntAB (membrane-bound transhydrogenase) reactions or TCA cycle activity from the model reduces the theoretical maximum yield from 9.2 to 8.8, 3.6, and 8.0 mol xylitol (mol glucose)(-1), respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18836533 Wheatley C: The return of the Scarlet Pimpernel: cobalamin in inflammation II - cobalamins can both selectively promote all three nitric oxide synthases (NOS), particularly iNOS and eNOS, and, as needed, selectively inhibit iNOS and nNOS. J Nutr Environ Med. 2007 Sep;16(3-4):181-211.


The up-regulation of transcobalamins [hitherto posited as indicating a central need for cobalamin (Cbl) in inflammation], whose expression, like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is Sp1- and interferondependent, together with increased intracellular formation of glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), methylcobalamin (MeCbl), may be essential for the timely promotion and later selective inhibition of iNOS and concordant regulation of endothelial and neuronal NOS (eNOS/nNOS.) Cbl may ensure controlled high output of nitric oxide (NO) and its safe deployment, because: (1) Cbl is ultimately responsible for the synthesis or availability of the NOS substrates and cofactors heme, arginine, BH (4) flavin adenine dinucleotide/flavin mononucleotide (FAD/FMN) and NADPH, via the far-reaching effects of the two Cbl coenzymes, methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCoAM) in, or on, the folate, glutathione, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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12125093 Bacurau RF, O'Toole CE, Newsholme P, Costa Rosa LF: Sub-lethal concentrations of activated complement increase rat lymphocyte glutamine utilization and oxidation while lethal concentrations cause death by a mechanism involving ATP depletion. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002 Sep;20(3):183-90.


We have measured the maximum activity of hexokinase, citrate synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutaminase in rat mesenteric lymphocytes exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of activated complement (present in zymosan-activated serum, ZAS).
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14996808 Kromer JO, Sorgenfrei O, Klopprogge K, Heinzle E, Wittmann C: In-depth profiling of lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum by combined analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome, and fluxome. J Bacteriol. 2004 Mar;186(6):1769-84.


A correlation between flux and expression was also observed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, transaldolase, and transketolase and for most TCA cycle genes.
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16310273 Li M, Ho PY, Yao S, Shimizu K: Effect of lpdA gene knockout on the metabolism in Escherichia coli based on enzyme activities, intracellular metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux analysis by 13C-labeling experiments. J Biotechnol. 2006 Mar 23;122(2):254-66. Epub 2005 Nov 23.


The fluxes through glycolysis and oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway (except for the flux through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were slightly downregulated.
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15691747 Mashego MR, Jansen ML, Vinke JL, van Gulik WM, Heijnen JJ: Changes in the metabolome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae associated with evolution in aerobic glucose-limited chemostats. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Feb;5(4-5):419-30.


Surprisingly, the specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL) increased significantly during 90 generations of chemostat cultivation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17531451 Panneerselvam R, Abdul Jaleel C, Somasundaram R, Sridharan R, Gomathinayagam M: Carbohydrate metabolism in Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. tubers and Curcuma longa L. rhizomes during two phases of dormancy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2007 Sep 1;59(1):59-66. Epub 2007 Apr 21.


The key enzymes of glycolysis, TCA cycle and PPP, viz. aldolase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were increased even before the visible appearance of sprouting and their activities were at their maximum during sprouting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15113569 Zhao J, Baba T, Mori H, Shimizu K: Effect of zwf gene knockout on the metabolism of Escherichia coli grown on glucose or acetate. Metab Eng. 2004 Apr;6(2):164-74.


The mutant deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was constructed by disrupting zwf gene by one-step inactivation protocol using polymerase chain reaction primers.
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19804861 Sawada K, Taki A, Yamakawa T, Seki M: Key role for transketolase activity in erythritol production by Trichosporonoides megachiliensis SN-G42. J Biosci Bioeng. 2009 Nov;108(5):385-90. Epub 2009 Jul 29.


As a result, the various enzyme activities of this organism are revealed in the pentose phosphate pathway, i.e., those of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gluconate dehydrogenase, transketolase, transaldolase, and erythrose reductase.
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20191270 Sarkar D, Yabusaki M, Hasebe Y, Ho PY, Kohmoto S, Kaga T, Shimizu K: Fermentation and metabolic characteristics of Gluconacetobacter oboediens for different carbon sources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 27.


In accordance with these fermentation characteristics, the enzyme activity result indicates that glucose dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase pathways became less active, while the glycolysis and the TCA cycle was activated as the feed gluconate concentration was increased.
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15989236 Wang P, Zhuang YP, Chu J, Zhang SL: [Regulatory effects of ammonium ions on the biosynthesis of meilingmycin] . Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2005 Jun;45(3):405-9.


The results suggest that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase are stimulated by higher concentration of ammonium ions, while valine dehydrogenase and methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase are inhibited.
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