Protein Information

Name PEPCK
Synonyms Full length cDNA clone CS0DC022YA24 of Neuroblastoma of Homo sapiens; PEP carboxykinase; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2; PCK 2; PCK2; PCK2 protein; PEPCK…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15347677 Burgess SC, Hausler N, Merritt M, Jeffrey FM, Storey C, Milde A, Koshy S, Lindner J, Magnuson MA, Malloy CR, Sherry AD: Impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mouse livers lacking cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):48941-9. Epub 2004 Sep 3.


Liver-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) null mice, when fasted, maintain normal whole body glucose kinetics but develop dramatic hepatic steatosis.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
12855734 Liu K, Yu J, Russell DG: pckA-deficient Mycobacterium bovis BCG shows attenuated virulence in mice and in macrophages. Microbiology. 2003 Jul;149(Pt 7):1829-35.


Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyses the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20305288 Cao R, Cronk ZX, Zha W, Sun L, Wang X, Fang Y, Studer E, Zhou H, Pandak WM, Dent P, Gil G, Hylemon PB: Bile acids regulate hepatic gluconeogenic genes and FXR via G-alpha-i protein coupled receptor (s) and the AKT pathway. J Lipid Res. 2010 Mar 20.


In the current study, the chronic bile fistula (CBF) rat model and primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) were used to study the regulation of gluconeogenic genes (PEPCK and G-6-Pase) and the gene encoding short heterodimeric partner (SHP) by taurocholate (TCA).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17114268 Tang YJ, Meadows AL, Kirby J, Keasling JD: Anaerobic central metabolic pathways in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reinterpreted in the light of isotopic metabolite labeling. J Bacteriol. 2007 Feb;189(3):894-901. Epub 2006 Nov 17.


The labeling data also suggest significant activity in the anapleurotic (malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) reactions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18956755 Huang J, Xu Q, Wen T, Chen N: [Metabolic flux analysis of L-threonine biosynthesis strain under diverse dissolved oxygen conditions]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2008 Aug 4;48(8):1056-60.


CONCLUSION: Compared to the optimal metabolic flux with a carbon conversion rate of 88.23%, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase should be activated by genetic manipulation and fermentation control in order to elevate the HMP pathway flux, and flux towards aspartate amino acids family could be enhanced by increasing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase reaction rate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18339202 Becker J, Klopprogge C, Wittmann C: Metabolic responses to pyruvate kinase deletion in lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact. 2008 Mar 13;7:8.


In pyruvate kinase deficient strains the required equimolar ratio of the two lysine precursors oxaloacetate and pyruvate can be achieved through concerted action of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), whereby a reduced amount of carbon may be lost as CO2 due to reduced flux into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12526195 Karavaiko GI, Zakharchuk LM, Bogdanova TI, Egorova MA, Tsaplina IA, Krasil'nikova EN: [The enzyme of carbon metabolism in the thermotolerant sulfobacillus strain K1]. Mikrobiologiia. 2002 Nov-Dec;71(6):755-61.


The activities of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase decreased with the increasing content of CO2 in the medium.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15051530 Jin ES, Jones JG, Merritt M, Burgess SC, Malloy CR, Sherry AD: Glucose production, gluconeogenesis, and hepatic tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes measured by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a single glucose derivative. Anal Biochem. 2004 Apr 15;327(2):149-55.


Plasma glucose was converted to monoacetone glucose (MAG), and a single (2) H and (13) C NMR spectrum of MAG provided the following metabolic data (all in units of micromol/kg/min; n = 6): endogenous glucose production (40.4+/-2.9), gluconeogenesis from glycerol (11.5+/-3.5), gluconeogenesis from the TCA cycle (67.3+/-5.6), glycogenolysis (1.0+/-0.8), pyruvate cycling (154.4+/-43.4), PEPCK flux (221.7+/-47.6), and TCA cycle flux (49.1+/-16.8).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19635791 Stark R, Pasquel F, Turcu A, Pongratz RL, Roden M, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG: Phosphoenolpyruvate cycling via mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase links anaplerosis and mitochondrial GTP with insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 25;284(39):26578-90. Epub 2009 Jul 27.


Here we have investigated whether the mitochondrial isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) is the GTPase linking hydrolysis of mtGTP made by succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS-GTP) to an anaplerotic pathway producing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
7(0,0,0,7) Details
17403375 Burgess SC, He T, Yan Z, Lindner J, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Browning JD, Magnuson MA: Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase does not solely control the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the intact mouse liver. Cell Metab. 2007 Apr;5(4):313-20.


Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), commonly considered the control point for liver gluconeogenesis, is normally regulated by circulating hormones to match systemic glucose demand.
5(0,0,0,5) Details