Protein Information

Name complex I
Synonyms 39kD; CI 39kD; Complex I; Complex I 39kD; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe S protein 2 like; NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase 39 kDa subunit mitochondrial; NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase 39 kDa subunit; NDUFA 9…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15715660 Hsu M, Srinivas B, Kumar J, Subramanian R, Andersen J: Glutathione depletion resulting in selective mitochondrial complex I inhibition in dopaminergic cells is via an NO-mediated pathway not involving peroxynitrite: implications for Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2005 Mar;92(5):1091-103.


An early biochemical change in the Parkinsonian substantia nigra (SN) is reduction in total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels in affected dopaminergic neurons prior to depletion in mitochondrial complex I activity, dopamine loss, and cell death.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19526285 Mallajosyula JK, Chinta SJ, Rajagopalan S, Nicholls DG, Andersen JK: Metabolic control analysis in a cellular model of elevated MAO-B: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurotox Res. 2009 Oct;16(3):186-93. Epub 2009 Mar 5.


MAO-B mediated increases in H (2) O (2) also appeared to result in direct oxidative inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and aconitase.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17406791 Meyer EH, Heazlewood JL, Millar AH: Mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana are predominantly soluble matrix proteins and none can be confirmed as subunits of respiratory Complex I. Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Jun;64(3):319-27. Epub 2007 Apr 4.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
12783190 Appanna VD, Hamel RD, Levasseur R: The metabolism of aluminum citrate and biosynthesis of oxalic acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Curr Microbiol. 2003 Jul;47(1):32-9.


Thus, it appears that after the uptake of Al-citrate, this complex is metabolized intracellularly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15919137 Savitha S, Sivarajan K, Haripriya D, Kokilavani V, Panneerselvam C: Efficacy of levo carnitine and alpha lipoic acid in ameliorating the decline in mitochondrial enzymes during aging. Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;24(5):794-800.


METHODS: In the present study we have evaluated the efficacy of carnitine, a mitochondrial metabolite and lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant on the activities of the tri carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes like succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase and electron transport complex I-IV in young and aged heart mitochondria.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20353438 Lemire J, Mailloux R, Auger C, Whalen D, Appanna VD: Pseudomonas fluorescens orchestrates a fine metabolic-balancing act to counter aluminium toxicity. Environ Microbiol. 2010 Mar 25.


To compensate for the severely diminished enzymes like Complex I, Complex II and Complex IV, the upregulation of a H (2) O-generating NADH oxidase enables the metabolism of citrate, the sole carbon source via a modified TCA cycle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16885387 Nissim I, Horyn O, Daikhin Y, Nissim I, Luhovyy B, Phillips PC, Yudkoff M: Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanism and prevention. Cancer Res. 2006 Aug 1;66(15):7824-31.


We hypothesized that inhibition of complex I (C-I) by chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), a metabolite of IFO, is the chief cause of nephrotoxicity, and that agmatine (AGM), which we found to augment mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and beta-oxidation, would prevent nephrotoxicity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18615634 Cruz JR, Becker BA, Morris KF, Larive CK: NMR characterization of the host-guest inclusion complex between beta-cyclodextrin and doxepin. Magn Reson Chem. 2008 Sep;46(9):838-45.


An alternative view of the doxepin-beta-CD complex is presented in this work using analysis of complexation-induced chemical shifts (CICSs), the method of continuous variation (Job's analysis), and analysis of ROESY spectra.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16120273 de Grey AD: A proposed mechanism for the lowering of mitochondrial electron leak by caloric restriction. Mitochondrion. 2001 Aug;1(2):129-39.


Here it is proposed that the major metabolic shift enabling reduced superoxide production is a diversion of much of the electron flux generated by glycolysis and the TCA cycle away from its usual destination, Complex I, and to the plasma membrane redox system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16765624 Simpson NE, Han Z, Berendzen KM, Sweeney CA, Oca-Cossio JA, Constantinidis I, Stacpoole PW: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of mitochondrial fuel metabolism and energetics in cultured human fibroblasts: effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and dichloroacetate. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Sep-Oct;89(1-2):97-105. Epub 2006 Jun 12.


The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is integral to metabolism and energetics.
1(0,0,0,1) Details