Protein Information

Name brains
Synonyms BPG dependent PGAM 1; Brain; CDABP0006; PGAM 1; PGAM B; PGAM1; PGAM1 protein; PGAMA…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12646315 Miccheli A, Puccetti C, Capuani G, Di Cocco ME, Giardino L, Calza L, Battaglia A, Battistin L, Conti F: [1-13C] Glucose entry in neuronal and astrocytic intermediary metabolism of aged rats. Brain Res. 2003 Mar 14;966(1):116-25.


Significant increases in lactate levels, as well as in creatine/phosphocreatine ratios (Cr/PCr), and a decrease in N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and aspartate levels were observed in aged rat brains as compared to adult animals following glucose administration.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
15337301 Bubber P, Ke ZJ, Gibson GE: Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes following thiamine deficiency. . Neurochem Int. 2004 Dec;45(7):1021-8.


The thiamine-dependent enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are reduced following TD and in the brains of patients that died from multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19217527 Mori T, Sun LQ, Kobayashi M, Kiyono Y, Okazawa H, Furukawa T, Kawashima H, Welch MJ, Fujibayashi Y: Preparation and evaluation of ethyl [(18) F] fluoroacetate as a proradiotracer of [(18) F] fluoroacetate for the measurement of glial metabolism by PET. Nucl Med Biol. 2009 Feb;36(2):155-62.


In the brain permeability study, the BUI of [(14) C] EFA was 3.8 times higher than that of sodium [1-(14) C] fluoroacetate. [(14) C] EFA was hydrolyzed rapidly in rat brains.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18206986 Shi Q, Xu H, Kleinman WA, Gibson GE: Novel functions of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex may mediate diverse oxidant-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Apr;1782(4):229-38. Epub 2007 Dec 31.


Measures in autopsied brains from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients reveal a decrease in the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) and an increase in malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17607769 Zielke HR, Zielke CL, Baab PJ: Oxidation of (14) C-labeled compounds perfused by microdialysis in the brains of free-moving rats. J Neurosci Res. 2007 Nov 1;85(14):3145-9.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
12527416 Huang HM, Zhang H, Xu H, Gibson GE: Inhibition of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex alters mitochondrial function and cellular calcium regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jan 20;1637(1):119-26.


A reduction in the activity of the KGDHC occurs in brains and cells of patients with many of these disorders and may underlie the abnormal mitochondrial function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15852400 Bubber P, Haroutunian V, Fisch G, Blass JP, Gibson GE: Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer brain: mechanistic implications. Ann Neurol. 2005 May;57(5):695-703.


Brains were from patients with autopsy-confirmed AD and clinical dementia ratings (CDRs) before death.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16488173 Klein M, Paul R, Angele B, Popp B, Pfister HW, Koedel U: Protein expression pattern in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. . Microbes Infect. 2006 Apr;8(4):974-83. Epub 2006 Jan 18.


At different time points before and after antibiotic therapy, the cytokine expression pattern was determined in mouse brains using protein arrays.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16496294 Singh R: Neuroembryopathic effect of trichloroacetic acid in rats exposed during organogenesis. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Feb;77(1):47-52.


Fetal brains were examined for their external and histological malformation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12397112 Jones L, Lopez-Bendito G, Gruss P, Stoykova A, Molnar Z: Pax6 is required for the normal development of the forebrain axonal connections. Development. 2002 Nov;129(21):5041-52.


Carbocyanine dye tracing in Pax6 heterozygotes (Pax6 (+/-)) and Pax6 wild-type (Pax6 (+/+)) brains revealed that CFAs and TCAs temporarily arrested their growth at E14.5 at the border of the beta-galactosidase-positive region at the pallial/subpallial boundary (PSPB), before they continued towards their targets.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17054944 Paskulin R, Jamnik P, Zivin M, Raspor P, Strukelj B: Ibogaine affects brain energy metabolism. . Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Dec 15;552(1-3):11-4. Epub 2006 Sep 16.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ibogaine on protein expression in rat brains.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15664335 Batifoulier F, Verny MA, Besson C, Demigne C, Remesy C: Determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in rat tissues analyzed as thiochromes on a RP-amide C16 column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Feb 25;816(1-2):67-72.


Analysis of vitamers in tissues of rat submitted to 8 days thiamin deficiency, followed by a 14 days repletion, showed a significant reduction of TPP after 8 days of depletion in liver (-67%), brains (-50%), kidneys (-60%), followed by a complete recovery upon repletion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details