Protein Information

Name PERK
Synonyms EIF 2 alpha kinase 3; WRS; EIF2AK3; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 precursor; HsPEK; PEK; PERK…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17325203 Shang J, Gao N, Kaufman RJ, Ron D, Harding HP, Lehrman MA: Translation attenuation by PERK balances ER glycoprotein synthesis with lipid-linked oligosaccharide flux. J Cell Biol. 2007 Feb 26;176(5):605-16.

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17283163 Little JL, Wheeler FB, Fels DR, Koumenis C, Kridel SJ: Inhibition of fatty acid synthase induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 1;67(3):1262-9.

Treatment of tumor cells with FAS inhibitors induces robust PERK-dependent phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha and concomitant inhibition of protein synthesis.
FAS inhibitor-induced ER stress is activated prior to the detection of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, primary indicators of cell death, whereas orlistat-induced cell death is rescued by coincubation with the global translation inhibitor cycloheximide.
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15650164 Cheng G, Feng Z, He B: Herpes simplex virus 1 infection activates the endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase PERK and mediates eIF-2alpha dephosphorylation by the gamma (1) 34.5 protein. J Virol. 2005 Feb;79(3):1379-88.

The virus-induced phosphorylation of PERK is blocked by cycloheximide but not by phosphonoacetic acid, suggesting that the accumulation of viral proteins in the ER is essential.
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16708403 Doody GM, Stephenson S, Tooze RM: BLIMP-1 is a target of cellular stress and downstream of the unfolded protein response. Eur J Immunol. 2006 Jun;36(6):1572-82.


PERK, the endoplasmic reticulum resident PKR-homologue, is activated during the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress response involved in both macrophage activation and terminal B-cell differentiation.
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20171949 Okamoto A, Koike M, Yasuda K, Kakizuka A: Maintaining ATP levels via the suppression of PERK-mediated rRNA synthesis at ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Mar 26;394(1):42-7. Epub 2010 Feb 19.

Consistently, other translational inhibitors such as PSI, proteasomal inhibitor, and cycloheximide suppressed de novo rRNA synthesis. eIF2alpha knockdown also suppressed both de novo protein and rRNA syntheses.
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15542827 Deng J, Lu PD, Zhang Y, Scheuner D, Kaufman RJ, Sonenberg N, Harding HP, Ron D: Translational repression mediates activation of nuclear factor kappa B by phosphorylated translation initiation factor 2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(23):10161-8.


We have used a pharmacologically activable version of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK, an ER stress-responsive eIF2alpha kinase) to uncouple eIF2alpha phosphorylation from stress and found that phosphorylation of eIF2alpha is both necessary and sufficient to activate both NF-kappaB DNA binding and an NF-kappaB reporter gene. eIF2alpha phosphorylation-dependent NF-kappaB activation correlated with decreased levels of the inhibitor IkappaBalpha protein.
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18437163 Novosyadlyy R, Kurshan N, Lann D, Vijayakumar A, Yakar S, LeRoith D: Insulin-like growth factor-I protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis via enhancement of the adaptive capacity of endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Death Differ. 2008 Aug;15(8):1304-17. Epub 2008 Apr 25.


IGF-I significantly augments the adaptive capacity of the ER by enhancing compensatory mechanisms such as the IRE1 alpha-, PERK- and ATF6-mediated arms of ER stress signalling.
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20123115 Pushpanjali P, Ramaiah KV: PKC activation contributes to caspase-mediated eIF2alpha phosphorylation and cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 May;1800(5):518-525. Epub 2010 Feb 1.

Caspase activation is measured by Ac-DEVD-AFC hydrolysis and also by the cleavage of purified recombinant PERK, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident eIF2alpha kinase.
However, PMA enhances late stages of UV-irradiation or cycloheximide-induced caspase activation, eIF2alpha phosphorylation and apoptosis in Sf9 cells.
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