Protein Information

Name p38
Synonyms AIMP 2; p38; AIMP2; JTV 1; JTV1; JTV1 gene; JTV1 protein; Multisynthetase complex auxiliary component p38…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17324951 Klintworth H, Newhouse K, Li T, Choi WS, Faigle R, Xia Z: Activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase is a common mechanism underlying paraquat- and rotenone-induced dopaminergic cell apoptosis. Toxicol Sci. 2007 May;97(1):149-62. Epub 2007 Feb 25.

The selective ability of paraquat and rotenone to induce apoptosis in different cell lines correlates with their ability to activate c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
18502748 Fernandes AF, Zhou J, Zhang X, Bian Q, Sparrow J, Taylor A, Pereira P, Shang F: Oxidative inactivation of the proteasome in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jul 25;283(30):20745-53. Epub 2008 May 23.

The downstream signaling pathways that govern the production of IL-8 include NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK.
We found that exposure of RPE cells to H (2) O (2), paraquat, or A2E-mediated photooxidation resulted in increased expression and secretion of IL-8.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16919916 Mitra S, Abraham E: Participation of superoxide in neutrophil activation and cytokine production. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Aug;1762(8):732-41. Epub 2006 Jul 8.

These results demonstrate that increased intracellular superoxide concentrations are proinflammatory in neutrophils, acting through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism that results in enhanced nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of NF-kappaB dependent proinflammatory cytokines.
To examine the role of superoxide in neutrophil activation, we exposed resting neutrophils and neutrophils stimulated with LPS to paraquat, an agent that specifically increases intracellular superoxide concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15888317 Kondo M, Yanase S, Ishii T, Hartman PS, Matsumoto K, Ishii N: The p38 signal transduction pathway participates in the oxidative stress-mediated translocation of DAF-16 to Caenorhabditis elegans nuclei. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Jun-Jul;126(6-7):642-7. Epub 2005 Jan 11.

The DAF-16 protein is translocated to the nucleus when animals were subjected to oxidative stress in the form of paraquat.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20202476 Niso-Santano M, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Gomez-Sanchez R, Lastres-Becker I, Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Soler G, Moran JM, Cuadrado A, Fuentes JM: Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death: Modulation by the Nrf2/Trx axis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Mar 2.

The relevance of these kinases in channeling PQ neurotoxicity was demonstrated with the use of interference RNA for ASK1 and two well-established pharmaceutical inhibitors for JNK and p38.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19786089 Sun LY, Steinbaugh MJ, Masternak MM, Bartke A, Miller RA: Fibroblasts from long-lived mutant mice show diminished ERK1/2 phosphorylation but exaggerated induction of immediate early genes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Dec 15;47(12):1753-61. Epub 2009 Sep 26.


This study shows that phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 induced by peroxide, cadmium, or paraquat is attenuated in cells from these mice.
0(0,0,0,0) Details