| Name | xanthine oxidase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | XDH; XDHA; XO; XOD; XOR; Xanthene dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase… |
| Name | paraquat |
|---|---|
| CAS | 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17662968 | Miller RL, Sun GY, Sun AY: Cytotoxicity of paraquat in microglial cells: Involvement of PKCdelta- and ERK1/2-dependent oxidase. Brain Res. 2007 Sep 5;1167:129-39. Epub 2007 Jul 10. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11914778 | Weidauer E, Morke W, Foth H, Bromme HJ: Does the anaerobic formation of by paraquat monocation radicals and peroxide require the presence of transition metals?. Arch Toxicol. 2002 Mar;76(2):89-95. Epub 2002 Jan 23. PQ (+)* was formed by paraquat reduction using either dithionite or the /xanthine oxidase reaction as electron donors. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11023704 | Kim IG, Oh TJ: 2-Mercaptoethylamine, radioprotector, inhibits the induction of the oxidative stress-inducible (soi) gene by paraquat in Escherichia coli. Pharmacol Res. 2000 Nov;42(5):429-33. To clarify that the MEA action on the inhibition of paraquat-mediated soi gene induction may be due, in part, to.O (2)(-)-scavenging activity, we investigated the ability of MEA to inhibit the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction mediated by.O (2)(-) generated in the xanthine oxidase/ system in vitro. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16696569 | Zielonka J, Rybak M, Celinska J, Adamus J, Marcinek A, Gebicki J: Effect of on viologen-stimulated enzymatic depletion. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006 May;19(5):668-73. Paraquat and diquat undergo redox cycling mediated by xanthine oxidase in the -dependent manner. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10480324 | Komada F, Nishiguchi K, Tanigawara Y, Iwakawa S, Okumura K: Effects of secretable SOD delivered by genetically modified cells on /xanthine oxidase and paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Aug;22(8):846-53. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 12147265 | Sommer D, Coleman S, Swanson SA, Stemmer PM: Differential susceptibilities of serine/ phosphatases to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Aug 15;404(2):271-8. Although generated from /xanthine oxidase or paraquat, and NO, generated from (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide or sodium nitroprusside, potently inhibited the phosphatase activity of calcineurin in neuroblastoma cell lysates, they had relatively little effect on the activities of PP1 or PP2A. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15157803 | Gonzalez-Polo RA, Rodriguez-Martin A, Moran JM, Niso M, Soler G, Fuentes JM: Paraquat-induced apoptotic cell death in cerebellar granule cells. Brain Res. 2004 Jun 18;1011(2):170-6. As a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c content is also prevented by allopurinol, we suggest that xanthine oxidase plays an important role in the free radical production that precedes the apoptotic cascade and cell death after paraquat exposition. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10218660 | Tate DJ Jr, Miceli MV, Newsome DA: protects against oxidative damage in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Mar;26(5-6):704-13. Conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in RPE cells treated with 0, 0.5 mM H2O2, 10 microM FeSO4 + 0.5 mM H2O2 or 10 microM FeSO4 + /xanthine oxidase for 24 h or paraquat for 7 d. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11379772 | Sasaki N, Baba N, Matsuo M: Cytotoxicity of reactive species and related agents toward undifferentiated and differentiated rat phenochromocytoma PC12 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 May;24(5):515-9. These species and agents include peroxide, hydroperoxide (LOOH), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, paraquat, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN), and a -xanthine oxidase system. |
12(0,0,2,2) | Details |
| 10960169 | Liebau E, Eschbach ML, Tawe W, Sommer A, Fischer P, Walter RD, Henkle-Duhrsen K: Identification of a stress-responsive Onchocerca volvulus glutathione S-transferase (Ov-GST-3) by RT-PCR differential display. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000 Jul;109(2):101-10. Oxidative stress was applied with the reagents paraquat, plumbagin and -xanthine oxidase. |
12(0,0,2,2) | Details |
| 10699569 | Ali S, Diwakar G, Pawa S: Paraquat induces different pulmonary biochemical responses in Wistar rats and Swiss mice. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Mar 1;125(2):79-91. Xanthine oxidase, which was induced in rats, remains unaffected in mice indicating that the enzyme contributes to paraquat toxicity only in Wistar rats. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10498818 | Noack H, Possel H, Rethfeldt C, Keilhoff G, Wolf G: mediated damage and lowered tolerance in primary cortical glial cultures after induction of the inducible isoform of NOS. Glia. 1999 Oct;28(1):13-24. Elevated levels of generated either intracellularly by paraquat or extracellularly via xanthine oxidase and resulted dose-dependently in a larger decline of cell viability in the .NO forming cultures compared to controls (release of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, stainability by propidium iodide, and tetramethylrhodamine). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10889461 | Said SI, Pakbaz H, Berisha HI, Raza S: NMDA receptor activation: critical role in oxidant tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Apr 15;28(8):1300-2. We report that NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 (dizocilpine attenuated oxidant injury induced by paraquat or by xanthine oxidase. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17055214 | Takizawa M, Komori K, Tampo Y, Yonaha M: Paraquat-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction of cellular redox systems including antioxidative defense enzymes peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Apr;21(3):355-63. Epub 2006 Sep 14. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that GAPDH was highly susceptible to reactive species generated in the -xanthine oxidase system, whereas thioredoxin reductase was considerably resistant. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18682529 | Kulkarni A, McNeill DR, Gleichmann M, Mattson MP, Wilson DM 3rd: XRCC1 protects against the lethality of induced oxidative DNA damage in nondividing neural cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Sep;36(15):5111-21. Epub 2008 Aug 5. We demonstrate herein that shRNA lentiviral-mediated XRCC1 knockdown in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells results in a largely selective increase in sensitivity of the nondividing (i.e. terminally differentiated) cell population to the redox-cycling agents, and paraquat; this reduced survival was accompanied by an accumulation of DNA strand breaks. Using -xanthine oxidase as the oxidizing method, XRCC1 deficiency affected both dividing and nondividing SH-SY5Y cells, with a greater effect on survival seen in the former case, suggesting that the spectrum of oxidative DNA damage created dictates the specific contribution of XRCC1 to cellular resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18093795 | Fragoso V, do Nascimento NC, Moura DJ, e Silva AC, Richter MF, Saffi J, Fett-Neto AG: Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of the monoterpene indole alkaloid psychollatine and the crude foliar extract of Psychotria umbellata Vell. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Apr;22(3):559-66. Epub 2007 Nov 19. This work reports antioxidant properties of psychollatine and the crude foliar extract from P. umbellata in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proficient and deficient in antioxidant defenses exposed to H2O2 and paraquat. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of these substances on the (OH.) was investigated, using the /xanthine oxidase assay. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15946826 | Borsetti F, Tremaroli V, Michelacci F, Borghese R, Winterstein C, Daldal F, Zannoni D: Tellurite effects on Rhodobacter capsulatus cell viability and superoxide dismutase activity under oxidative stress conditions. Res Microbiol. 2005 Aug;156(7):807-13. The latter effect was also seen upon incubation with sublethal amounts of paraquat, a cytosolic generator of anions (O2-), in parallel with a strong increase in tellurite resistance (TeR). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17325048 | Keith KE, Valvano MA: Characterization of SodC, a periplasmic superoxide dismutase from Burkholderia cenocepacia. Infect Immun. 2007 May;75(5):2451-60. Epub 2007 Feb 26. In this study, we identified the sodC gene encoding a Cu,ZnSOD in B. cenocepacia and demonstrated that a sodC null mutant was not sensitive to a H2O2, 3-morpholinosydnonimine, or paraquat challenge but was killed by exogenous generated by the /xanthine oxidase method. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17712041 | Shuvaev VV, Tliba S, Nakada M, Albelda SM, Muzykantov VR: Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1-directed endothelial targeting of superoxide dismutase alleviates oxidative stress caused by either extracellular or intracellular J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Nov;323(2):450-7. Epub 2007 Aug 21. In the second model, anti-PECAM/SOD at the optimal dose provided complete protection against necrosis caused by paraquat-induced intracellular generation. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |