Protein Information

Name acetylcholine receptors (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Acetylcholine receptor; Acetylcholine receptors

Compound Information

Name parathion
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17666426 Guo-Ross SX, Chambers JE, Meek EC, Carr RL: Altered muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype binding in neonatal rat brain following exposure to chlorpyrifos or methyl parathion. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Nov;100(1):118-27. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
9344890 Katz EJ, Cortes VI, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT: Chlorpyrifos, parathion, and their oxons bind to and desensitize a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: relevance to their toxicities. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Oct;146(2):227-36.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
9190843 Van Den Beukel I, Dijcks FA, Vanderheyden P, Vauquelin G, Oortgiesen M: Differential muscarinic receptor binding of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in rat brain, human brain and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jun;281(3):1113-9.

Displacement of muscarinic radioligands by the cholinesterase inhibitors parathion, paraoxon, physostigmine and phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate was examined in rat cortex and brain stem, human cortex and brain stem, and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human M2 or M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
9863767 van den Beukel I, van Kleef RG, Oortgiesen M: Differential effects of physostigmine and organophosphates on nicotinic receptors in neuronal cells of different species. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Dec;19(6):777-87.

The effects of the carbamate physostigmine and of the organophosphates (OPs) parathion, paraoxon and phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate (PSP) were examined on different subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8350385 Jett DA, Hill EF, Fernando JC, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT: Down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Jul;39(3):395-415.

The effect of ad libitum dietary exposure (as occurs in the field) to parathion for 14 d was investigated on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in brains and submaxillary glands of adults of a field species, the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18977431 Eells JB, Brown T: Repeated developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion causes persistent alterations in nicotinic acetylcholine subunit mRNA expression with chlorpyrifos altering dopamine metabolite levels. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2009 Mar-Apr;31(2):98-103. Epub 2008 Oct 21.

Nigrostriatal dopamine neurons receive substantial cholinergic innervation and express a number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15342957 Smulders CJ, Bueters TJ, Vailati S, van Kleef RG, Vijverberg HP: Block of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by organophosphate insecticides. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Dec;82(2):545-54. Epub 2004 Sep 1.

Several OP pesticides, e.g., parathion-ethyl, chlorpyrifos and disulfoton, inhibited the ACh-induced ion current with potencies in the micromolar range.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14514956 Tang J, Carr RL, Chambers JE: The effects of repeated oral exposures to methyl parathion on rat brain cholinesterase and muscarinic receptors during postnatal development. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Dec;76(2):400-6. Epub 2003 Sep 26.

The effects of repeated MPS exposures on brain ChE activity and surface and total muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) density were studied in postnatal rats gavaged daily from postnatal day 1 (PND1) through PND 21.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20074626 Adigun AA, Wrench N, Levin ED, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA: Neonatal parathion exposure and interactions with a high-fat diet in adulthood: Adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling in heart, liver and cerebellum. Brain Res Bull. 2010 Apr 5;81(6):605-12. Epub 2010 Jan 14.

Receptors controlling AC activity were also affected: beta-adrenergic receptors (betaARs) in skeletal muscle were increased, whereas those in the heart were decreased, and the latter also showed an elevation of m (2)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which inhibit AC.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2166248 Besser R, Vogt T, Gutmann L: Pancuronium improves the neuromuscular transmission defect of human organophosphate intoxication. Neurology. 1990 Aug;40(8):1275-7.


We postulate that the physiologic improvement following low-dose pancuronium results from blockade of acetylcholine receptors, especially those located on the terminal axon responsible for antidromic backfiring.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17615114 Forsby A, Blaauboer B: Integration of in vitro neurotoxicity data with biokinetic modelling for the estimation of in vivo neurotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007 Apr;26(4):333-8.

Differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to acrylamide, lindane, parathion, paraoxon, phenytoin, diazepam or caffeine for 72 hours.
Voltage operated Ca2+ channel function, acetylcholine receptor function and neurite degenerative effects were investigated as neurospecific endpoints for excitability, cholinergic signal transduction and axonopathy, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8819500 Rocha ES, Swanson KL, Aracava Y, Goolsby JE, Maelicke A, Albuquerque EX: Paraoxon: cholinesterase-independent stimulation of transmitter release and selective block of ligand-gated ion channels in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Sep;278(3):1175-87.


Paraoxon (O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate) is the neurotoxic metabolite of the insecticide parathion (O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate).
0(0,0,0,0) Details