Protein Information

Name parathyroid hormone
Synonyms PTH; Parathormone; Parathyrin; Parathyroid hormone; Parathyroid hormone precursor; Parathormones; Parathyrins; Parathyroid hormones…

Compound Information

Name ergocalciferol
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16022093 Shah N, Bernardini J, Piraino B: Prevalence and correction of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(4):362-6.

Patients deficientin 25 (OH) vitamin D were given ergocalciferol, 50000 IU orally once per week for 4 weeks.
Serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25 (OH) vitamin D, and 1,25 (OH) 2 vitamin D levels were obtained before and after treatment.
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20091666 Geary DF, Hodson EM, Craig JC: Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD008327.


No significant differences were detected in growth rates, bone histology or biochemical parameters between calcitriol and either dihydrotachysterol or ergocalciferol (2 RCTs).
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17591525 Al-Aly Z, Qazi RA, Gonzalez EA, Zeringue A, Martin KJ: Changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and plasma intact PTH levels following treatment with ergocalciferol in patients with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007 Jul;50(1):59-68.


The effect of ergocalciferol administration on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in these patients is not known.
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10100926 Gagnemo-Persson R, Persson P, Bryngelsson T, Green B, Hakanson R: Rat stomach ECL-cell histidine decarboxylase activity is suppressed by ergocalciferol but unaffected by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Regul Pept. 1999 Feb 5;79(2-3):131-9.
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17199797 DeVille J, Thorp ML, Tobin L, Gray E, Johnson ES, Smith DH: Effect of ergocalciferol supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology. 2006 Dec;11(6):555-9.
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9262512 Gagnemo-Persson R, Samuelsson A, Hakanson R, Persson P: Chicken parathyroid hormone gene expression in response to gastrin, omeprazole, ergocalciferol, and restricted food intake. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Sep;61(3):210-5.
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16644777 Boudville NC, Hodsman AB: Renal function and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations predict parathyroid hormone levels in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006 Sep;21(9):2621-4. Epub 2006 Apr 27.

BACKGROUND: Recent guidelines suggest supplementation with ergocalciferol (vitamin D (2)) in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 patients with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <75 nmol/l.
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19342361 Pepper KJ, Judd SE, Nanes MS, Tangpricha V: Evaluation of vitamin D repletion regimens to correct vitamin D status in adults. Endocr Pract. 2009 Mar;15(2):95-103.

Serum levels of parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), and calcium were compared before and after treatment with ergocalciferol.
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19229237 Ramjan KA, Roscioli T, Rutsch F, Sillence D, Munns CF: Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: treatment with bisphosphonates. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;5(3):167-72.

At 12 months, ergocalciferol was added at a dose of 5,000 U daily for 6 weeks, followed by 200 U daily owing to the patient's vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathyroid hormone level.
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18242158 Pitukcheewanont P, Numbenjapon N, Costin G: Ectopic thymic parathyroid adenoma and vitamin D deficiency rickets: a 5-year-follow-up case report and review of literature. Bone. 2008 Apr;42(4):819-24. Epub 2007 Oct 22.

Following the intramuscular administration of 125,000 U ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), he developed hypercalcemia with persistently elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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17215573 Zisman AL, Hristova M, Ho LT, Sprague SM: Impact of ergocalciferol treatment of vitamin D deficiency on serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27(1):36-43. Epub 2007 Jan 11.
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2488496 Lepoutre JL, Thevenon A, Defrance-David T, Fournier P, Racadot A, Dewailly P: [comparison of the effects on phosphocalcic metabolism and bone of 3 protocols of vitamin D administration in the elderly]. Rev Med Interne. 1989 Sep-Oct;10(5):475-81.

The administration of either oral vitamin D in doses of 4,000 IU per day, or six-monthly intramuscular injections of ergocalciferol 600,000 IU, combined with a daily intake of at least 1 g of calcium brings back to normal both 25 OH D concentrations and parathyroid hormone levels.
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6294581 Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Markestad T: Effect of parathyroid hormone on cAMP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D formation and renal handling of phosphate in vitamin D-dependent rickets. Pediatrics. 1983 Jan;71(1):59-63.

The concentration of 1,25 [OH] 2D was markedly decreased even when she was receiving a daily dose of 25,000 IU of ergocalciferol.
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7569451 Gonzalez F, Gomez C, Ayala A, Roessler E: [Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia acquired after renal transplantation: a a cause of severe osteoporosis]. Rev Med Chil. 1995 Jan;123(1):85-9.

The patient had good renal function, a parathormone independent hyperphosphaturia, normal 25-OH cholecalciferol, increased urinary hydroxyproline, decreased osteocalcin, reduced bone density and a bone biopsy revealing osteomalacia.
The diagnosis of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was reached and treatment with phosphates and ergocalciferol was started but, despite this, the patient suffered a new fracture two years later.
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2114209 Weinstein RS, Harris RL: Hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia complicating neurofibromatosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1990 Jun;46(6):361-6.

When hypercalcemia and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone are found in osteomalacia, however, it may be difficult to determine if the hyperparathyroidism was primary or tertiary.
Serial biomechanical, bone biopsy, and densitometric studies confirmed that treatment with ergocalciferol, calcium, and phosphate supplements significantly improved the osteomalacia but caused increased parathyroid overactivity.
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18308659 Camacho PM, Painter S, Kadanoff R: Treatment of adult hypophosphatasia with teriparatide. Endocr Pract. 2008 Mar;14(2):204-8.

METHODS: A 75-year-old woman with hypophosphatasia was treated with ergocalciferol and calcium supplements for 2 years.
At baseline, she had mild secondary hyperparathyroidism (intact parathyroid hormone, 76 pg/mL; reference range, 10 to 65), which was corrected by the calcium supplementation and vitamin D therapy.
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18463042 Alzahrani AS, Al Sheef M: Severe primary hyperparathyroidism masked by asymptomatic celiac disease. . Endocr Pract. 2008 Apr;14(3):347-50.

Laboratory data (and reference ranges) were as follows: serum calcium, 2.34 mmol/L (2.1 to 2.6); phosphorus, 0.91 mmol/L (0.90 to 1.50); alkaline phosphatase, 421 U/L (40 to 135); albumin, 37 g/L (35 to 45); parathyroid hormone, 874 ng/L (15 to 65); urine calcium, 3.76 mmol/d (2.5 to 8); and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, <13 nmol/L (22 to 116).
She was treated with increasing doses of calcitriol, ergocalciferol, and calcium carbonate, but the serum calcium concentration did not increase substantially (reaching a maximum of 2.70 mmol/L on suprapharmacologic doses of these agents).
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15664003 Sato Y, Kanoko T, Satoh K, Iwamoto J: Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Bone. 2005 Jan;36(1):61-8. Epub 2004 Nov 24.

In a random and prospective study of AD patients, 100 patients received 45 mg menatetrenone, 1000 IU ergocalciferol and 600 mg calcium daily for 2 years, and the remaining 100 (untreated group) did not.
They also had high serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Glu osteocalcin (OC) and low serum ionized calcium, indicating that vitamin D deficiency stimulates compensatory PTH secretion.
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17389892 Hernandez JD, Wesseling K, Boechat MI, Gales B, Salusky IB: Osteomalacia in a hemodialysis patient receiving an active vitamin D sterol. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2007 Apr;3(4):227-32.

INVESTIGATIONS: The patient underwent a physical examination, and his serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, aluminum and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OH-vitamin D) were determined.
MANAGEMENT: Monthly therapy with ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and discontinuation of paricalcitol.
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9062528 Zeghoud F, Vervel C, Guillozo H, Walrant-Debray O, Boutignon H, Garabedian M: Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in neonates: definition and response to vitamin D supplements. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Mar;65(3):771-8.

To determine the biological criteria for neonatal vitamin D deficiency, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphates, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured during the winter-spring period in 80 healthy neonates and their mothers 3-6 d after delivery.
A longitudinal 3-mo survey of the serum biology of 52 of these neonates consuming formula was also performed to test the influence of their neonatal vitamin D status on the effects of two oral ergocalciferol supplements (500 and 1000 IU or 12.5 and 25 micrograms/d).
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3889260 Hillman LS, Hollis B, Salmons S, Martin L, Slatopolsky E, McAlister W, Haddad J: Absorption, dosage, and effect on mineral homeostasis of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in premature infants: comparison with 400 and 800 IU vitamin D2 supplementation. J Pediatr. 1985 Jun;106(6):981-9.

Administration of 800 IU ergocalciferol (D2) also produced significantly higher serum 25-OHD concentrations than those in infants given 400 IU vitamin D2, but increases in serum 25-OHD were more gradual than in infants given 25-OHD3.
Infants given 2 micrograms/kg BW 25-OHD3 had a significant increase in serum phosphorus values, but a decrease in serum calcium and magnesium concentrations, and parathyroid hormone also was suppressed to low normal values.
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19553166 Maheut H, Chevriot F, Marty H, Lavaud S, Kazes I, Chanard J, Rieu P: [Why and how correct calcidiol deficiency in haemodialysis patients?] . Nephrol Ther. 2009 Nov;5(6):542-9. Epub 2009 Jun 23.

The efficacy of an oral supplementation for 6 months with ergocalciferol, (Sterogyl), was evaluated in a monocentric cohort of 107 prevalent hemodialysis patients.
Plasma levels of 25 (OH) D, parathormone, total and ionized calcium, phosphates, were measured at month 0, 3 and 6 in all patients and plasma levels of 1-25 (OH) D at month 0 and 6 in 38 patients with the lowest 25 (OH) D levels at baseline.
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8865145 Heikinheimo R, Sievanen H, Jantti P, Maki-Jokela PL, Rajala S, Vuori I: Vitamin D treatment and bone mineral density in the aged. Maturitas. 1996 May;23 Suppl:S77-80.

The bone mineral density in the distal forearm and femoral neck did not differ between nine residents (mean age 81.0 years) of an old peoples' home who had received an annual injection of 150,000 IU ergocalciferol during the foregoing 2-7 years (mean 5.1 years) and nine age-, weight- and height-matched control subjects who had subnormal 25 hydroxyvitamin D level.
The alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels were clearly higher when the 25 hydroxyvitamin D level was below 10 nmol/1.
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18575896 Menon S, Valentini RP, Hidalgo G, Peschansky L, Mattoo TK: Vitamin D insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008 Oct;23(10):1831-6. Epub 2008 Jun 25.

Blood levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, 25 (OH) D3, and parathormone (PTH) were examined in 57 children (40 boys; mean age 10.6 years).
Following ergocalciferol treatment (22), PTH decreased from 122.13 +/- 82.94 ng/ml to 80.14 +/- 59.24 ng/ml (p < 0.001) over a period of 3 months.
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12361778 Heer M: Nutritional interventions related to bone turnover in European space missions and simulation models. Nutrition. 2002 Oct;18(10):853-6.

However, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol levels decreased significantly.
As a consequence of these results, we examined in the 21-d Mir 97 mission a preventative dietary approach of high calcium intake of at least 1000 mg/d with vitamin D supplementation (650 IU/d of Ergocalciferol) and constant sodium intake (180 mEq/d).
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15059059 Prince RL, Glendenning P: 8: Disorders of bone and mineral other than osteoporosis. . Med J Aust. 2004 Apr 5;180(7):354-9.

Cancers can produce bone lysis through direct spread within the skeleton or production of endocrine parathyroid hormone-like factors; treatment is with a bisphosphonate, plus appropriate therapy for the cancer.
Hypocalcaemia may result from severe decrease in calcium absorbed or lack of parathyroid action; both are treated with calcium and vitamin D (ergocalciferol or calcitriol).
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941867 Medalle R, Waterhouse C, Hahn TJ: Vitamin D resistance in magnesium deficiency. . Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Aug;29(8):854-8.

Pharmacological doses of either ergocalciferol or dihydrotachysterol did not correct the hypocalcemia except in one patient who had a minimal rise in serum calcium.
While the mechanism remains speculative, it appears that magnesium facilitates the release of calcium from bone in the presence of adequate amounts of vitamin D and parathormone.
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19631774 Glendenning P, Chew GT, Seymour HM, Gillett MJ, Goldswain PR, Inderjeeth CA, Vasikaran SD, Taranto M, Musk AA, Fraser WD: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in vitamin D-insufficient hip fracture patients after supplementation with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol. Bone. 2009 Nov;45(5):870-5. Epub 2009 Jul 23.

Secondary endpoints included 25OHD measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and bioactive (1-84) whole PTH (wPTH).
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10966885 Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF: Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):690-3.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed whether obesity alters the cutaneous production of vitamin D (3) (cholecalciferol) or the intestinal absorption of vitamin D (2) (ergocalciferol).
RESULTS: Obese subjects had significantly lower basal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and higher parathyroid hormone concentrations than did age-matched control subjects.
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11335767 Carvalho NF, Kenney RD, Carrington PH, Hall DE: Severe nutritional deficiencies in toddlers resulting from health food milk alternatives. Pediatrics. 2001 Apr;107(4):E46.

The 25-hydroxy-vitamin D level was low (7.7 pg/mL) and the parathyroid hormone level was markedly elevated (114 pg/mL).
The patient was treated with ergocalciferol and calcium supplements.
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6967875 Lund B, Sorensen OH, Lund B, Bishop JE, Norman AW: Vitamin D metabolism in hypoparathyroidism. . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980 Sep;51(3):606-10.

Only moderately reduced serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH) 2D3] levels were found in 13 hypoparathyroid patients and in 1 pseudohypoparathyroid patient, indicating that factors other than parathyroid hormone are able to mediate the basal production of 1,25 (OH) 2D3.
The serum 25OHD and 1,25 (OH) 2D concentrations were followed during the change of treatment from ergocalciferol to 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3).
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18492750 Romagnoli E, Mascia ML, Cipriani C, Fassino V, Mazzei F, D'Erasmo E, Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Minisola S: Short and long-term variations in serum calciotropic hormones after a single very large dose of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Aug;93(8):3015-20. Epub 2008 May 20.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a single very large dose of both calciferols on serum changes of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)(2) D], ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at baseline, and at 3, 7, 30, and 60 d.
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15690240 Zaidi AN, Ceneviva GD, Phipps LM, Dettorre MD, Mart CR, Thomas NJ: Myocardial calcification caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism due to dietary deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. Pediatr Cardiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;26(4):460-3.

Treatment consisted of adequate daily replacement of calcium and ergocalciferol.
On follow-up, her parathyroid hormone level was significantly reduced and substantially reduced cardiac calcifications were seen on echocardiogram.
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16490909 Crawford BA, Kam C, Pavlovic J, Byth K, Handelsman DJ, Angus PW, McCaughan GW: Zoledronic acid prevents bone loss after liver transplantation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Feb 21;144(4):239-48.

Differences between groups in percentage change from baseline adjusted for baseline weight and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level were 4.0% (95% CI, 1.1% to 7.0%) for the lumbar spine, 4.7% (CI, 1.9% to 7.6%) for the femoral neck, and 3.8% (CI, 1.7% to 6.0%) for the total hip.
All patients received supplementation with calcium carbonate, 600 mg/d, and ergocalciferol, 1000 U/d.
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18238737 Andress DL, Coyne DW, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Molitch ME, Zangeneh F, Sprague SM: Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease. Endocr Pract. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):18-27.

Appropriate treatment involves suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to normal levels with active vitamin D therapy and phosphate binders.
Ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol should be used to correct 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels either before or during active vitamin D therapy.
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16286516 Manco M, Calvani M, Nanni G, Greco AV, Iaconelli A, Gasbarrini G, Castagneto M, Mingrone G: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D does not affect insulin sensitivity in obesity after bariatric surgery. Obes Res. 2005 Oct;13(10):1692-700.

RESULTS: Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 76% in the obese status and 91% and 89% at 5 and 10 years after BPD, respectively, despite ergocalciferol supplementation. 25 (OH) D concentration decreased from 39.2 +/- 22.3 in obesity (p = 0.0001) to 27.4 +/- 16.4 and 25.1 +/- 13.9 nM 5 and 10 years after BPD, respectively.
Parathormone correlated with fat mass (R2 = 0.19; p = 0.0001) and BMI (R2 = 0.053; p = 0.01) and inversely with M value (R2 = 0.16; p = 0.0001), but only in obese subjects.
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3877585 Hodson EM, Evans RA, Dunstan CR, Hills E, Wong SY, Rosenberg AR, Roy LP: Treatment of childhood renal osteodystrophy with calcitriol or ergocalciferol. Clin Nephrol. 1985 Oct;24(4):192-200.

Plasma calcium levels rose while parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels fell following both treatments, and were unchanged in non-compliant children.
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18558303 Blair D, Byham-Gray L, Lewis E, McCaffrey S: Prevalence of vitamin D [25 (OH) D] deficiency and effects of supplementation with ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients. J Ren Nutr. 2008 Jul;18(4):375-82.

Measures of interest included serum albumin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c), hemoglobin, phosphorus, corrected calcium, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate (enPCR), and quality-of life-survey physical component score (SF-36 PCS).
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16898852 Ziolkowska H: Minimizing bone abnormalities in children with renal failure. . Paediatr Drugs. 2006;8(4):205-22.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in children with CRF should be within the normal range, but in children with end-stage renal disease PTH levels should be two to three times the upper limit of the normal range.
In children with CRF, ergocalciferol (vitamin D (2)), colecalciferol (vitamin D (3)), and calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D (3)) should be used as vitamin D analogs.
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18421544 Przybelski R, Agrawal S, Krueger D, Engelke JA, Walbrun F, Binkley N: Rapid correction of low vitamin D status in nursing home residents. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Nov;19(11):1621-8. Epub 2008 Apr 18.

SUMMARY: This prospective study finds that ergocalciferol 50,000 IU three times weekly for four weeks effectively and safely corrects vitamin D inadequacy in nursing home residents.
Serum total 25 (OH) D, 25 (OH) D (2), 25 (OH) D (3), calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone turnover markers and neuro-cognitive assessments were obtained at baseline and four weeks.
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7994333 Brisse F, Breton D, Gagey V, Cheron G: [Convulsions and neonatal hypoparathyroidism revealing maternal hyperparathyroidism]. Arch Pediatr. 1994 Mar;1(3):255-9.

BACKGROUND: Severe prolonged hypocalcemia may occur in neonates whose parathyroid hormone production has been blocked by maternal hyperparathyroidism.
The baby had been given milk-formula plus ergocalciferol, 1,200 IU/day.
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8292858 Nomura K, Noguchi Y, Yoshikawa T, Fukuzawa K, Makino T, Tsuburaya A, Imada T, Amano T, Matsumoto A, Nozawa A: Long-term total parenteral nutrition and osteoporosis: report of a case. Surg Today. 1993;23(11):1027-31.

The serum level of parathormone and calcitonin were also within the normal ranges.
Both the serum level of calcium and urinary calcium loss correlated closely to the amount of calcium infused, but they were not influenced by the amount of vitamin D (ergocalciferol) received.
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