Protein Information

Name aldehyde oxidase
Synonyms AO; AOH 1; AOH1; AOX 1; AOX1; Aldehyde Oxidase; Aldehyde oxidase 1; Aldeyde oxidase…

Compound Information

Name abscisic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15122034 Gonzalez-Guzman M, Abia D, Salinas J, Serrano R, Rodriguez PL: Two new alleles of the abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 gene reveal its role in abscisic acid biosynthesis in seeds. Plant Physiol. 2004 May;135(1):325-33. Epub 2004 Apr 30.

The abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) gene product of Arabidopsis catalyzes the final step in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis.
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18006324 Zdunek-Zastocka E: Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of three aldehyde oxidase genes from Pisum sativum L. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2008 Jan;46(1):19-28. Epub 2007 Oct 2.

Aldehyde oxidase (AO, EC 1.2.3.1) is a molybdenohydroxylase that is considered to catalyze the last step of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis.
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16784786 Mendel RR, Bittner F: Cell biology of molybdenum. . Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1763(7):621-35. Epub 2006 May 12.

In eukaryotes, the most prominent Mo-enzymes are (1) sulfite oxidase, which catalyzes the final step in the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids and is involved in detoxifying excess sulfite, (2) xanthine dehydrogenase, which is involved in purine catabolism and reactive oxygen production, (3) aldehyde oxidase, which oxidizes a variety of aldehydes and is essential for the biosynthesis of the phytohormone abscisic acid, and in autotrophic organisms also (4) nitrate reductase, which catalyzes the key step in inorganic nitrogen assimilation.
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15941399 Yesbergenova Z, Yang G, Oron E, Soffer D, Fluhr R, Sagi M: The plant Mo-hydroxylases aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase have distinct reactive oxygen species signatures and are induced by drought and abscisic acid. Plant J. 2005 Jun;42(6):862-76.
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19185387 Szepesi A, Csiszar J, Gemes K, Horvath E, Horvath F, Simon ML, Tari I: Salicylic acid improves acclimation to salt stress by stimulating abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity and abscisic acid accumulation, and increases Na+ content in leaves without toxicity symptoms in Solanum lycopersicum L. J Plant Physiol. 2009 Jun 1;166(9):914-25. Epub 2009 Jan 29.
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15064376 Koiwai H, Nakaminami K, Seo M, Mitsuhashi W, Toyomasu T, Koshiba T: Tissue-specific localization of an abscisic acid biosynthetic enzyme, AAO3, in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;134(4):1697-707. Epub 2004 Apr 2.

Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) is an enzyme involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in response to drought stress.
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20112869 Yang L, Liang J, Li H, Li L: Cloning and expression analysis of an aldehyde oxidase gene in Arachis hygogaea L. J Environ Biol. 2009 Jan;30(1):93-8.

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15574845 Seo M, Aoki H, Koiwai H, Kamiya Y, Nambara E, Koshiba T: Comparative studies on the Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase (AAO) gene family revealed a major role of AAO3 in ABA biosynthesis in seeds. Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 Nov;45(11):1694-703.

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15915639 Fedorova E, Redondo FJ, Koshiba T, Pueyo JJ, de Felipe MR, Lucas MM: Aldehyde oxidase (AO) in the root nodules of Lupinus albus and Medicago truncatula: identification of AO in meristematic and infection zones. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 May;18(5):405-13.

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16033776 Kaiser BN, Gridley KL, Ngaire Brady J, Phillips T, Tyerman SD: The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production. . Ann Bot. 2005 Oct;96(5):745-54. Epub 2005 Jul 20.

Enzymes that require molybdenum for activity include nitrate reductase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase.
SCOPE: Loss of Mo-dependent enzyme activity (directly or indirectly through low internal molybdenum levels) impacts upon plant development, in particular, those processes involving nitrogen metabolism and the synthesis of the phytohormones abscisic acid and indole-3 butyric acid.
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16669776 Schwarz G, Mendel RR: Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdenum enzymes. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2006;57:623-47.

There are four Mo enzymes in plants: (1) nitrate reductase catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in nitrate assimilation and is structurally similar to the recently identified, (2) peroxisomal sulfite oxidase that detoxifies excessive sulfite. (3) Aldehyde oxidase catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid biosynthesis, and (4) xanthine dehydrogenase is essential for purine degradation and stress response.
There are four Mo enzymes in plants: (1) nitrate reductase catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in nitrate assimilation and is structurally similar to the recently identified, (2) peroxisomal sulfite oxidase that detoxifies excessive sulfite. (3) Aldehyde oxidase catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid biosynthesis, and (4) xanthine dehydrogenase is essential for purine degradation and stress response.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19309463 Raab S, Drechsel G, Zarepour M, Hartung W, Koshiba T, Bittner F, Hoth S: Identification of a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that is required for suppression of premature senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2009 Jul;59(1):39-51. Epub 2009 Feb 26.

We found that increased ABA levels coincide with enhanced activity of Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) and accumulation of AAO3 protein in saul1 mutants.
In addition, saul1 mutants exhibit enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16367968 Porch TG, Tseung CW, Schmelz EA, Settles AM: The maize Viviparous10/Viviparous13 locus encodes the Cnx1 gene required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Plant J. 2006 Jan;45(2):250-63.

Abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and nitrate are important signaling molecules that affect plant growth responses to the environment.
Levels of ABA and auxin are reduced in vp10 mutants, and vp10 seedlings lack MoCo-dependent enzyme activities that are repairable with exogenous molybdenum. vp10 and an Arabidopsis cnx1 mutant, chlorate6 (chl6), have similar defects in aldehyde oxidase (AO) enzyme activity, which is required for ABA synthesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19491090 Sun X, Hu C, Tan Q, Liu J, Liu H: Effects of molybdenum on expression of cold-responsive genes in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in winter wheat under low-temperature stress. Ann Bot. 2009 Aug;104(2):345-56. Epub 2009 Jun 1.

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) activities, ABA contents, the transcripts of basic leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factor (TF) genes, ABA-dependent COR genes, CBF/DREB transcription factor genes and ABA-independent COR genes were investigated at 0, 3, 6 and 48 h post cold stress.
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18060348 Melhorn V, Matsumi K, Koiwai H, Ikegami K, Okamoto M, Nambara E, Bittner F, Koshiba T: Transient expression of AtNCED3 and AAO3 genes in guard cells causes stomatal closure in Vicia faba. J Plant Res. 2008 Jan;121(1):125-31. Epub 2007 Dec 4.

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stomatal closure in response to water loss.
This indicated that ABA biosynthesis is stimulated by heterologous expression of AtNCED3 and Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) proteins, which both seem to be regulatory enzymes for ABA biosynthesis in these cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18550687 Endo A, Sawada Y, Takahashi H, Okamoto M, Ikegami K, Koiwai H, Seo M, Toyomasu T, Mitsuhashi W, Shinozaki K, Nakazono M, Kamiya Y, Koshiba T, Nambara E: Drought induction of Arabidopsis 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase occurs in vascular parenchyma cells. Plant Physiol. 2008 Aug;147(4):1984-93. Epub 2008 Jun 11.

The regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis is essential for plant responses to drought stress.
In this study, we examined the tissue-specific localization of ABA biosynthetic enzymes in turgid and dehydrated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants using specific antibodies against 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (AtNCED3), AtABA2, and Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19957440 Feng HQ, Li HY, Sun K: Enhanced expression of alternative oxidase genes is involved in the tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings to drought stress. Z Naturforsch C. 2009 Sep-Oct;64(9-10):704-10.


Pretreatment with exogenous hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid alone mitigated the water loss of rice leaves exposed to drought stress.
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