Protein Information

Name demethylase
Synonyms DMTase; Demethylase; MBD 2; MBD2; Methyl CpG binding domain protein 2; Methyl CpG binding protein MBD2; NY CO 41; Demethylases…

Compound Information

Name prochloraz
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11055899 Dyer PS, Hansen J, Delaney, Lucas JA: Genetic control of resistance to the sterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitor fungicide prochloraz in the cereal eyespot pathogen Tapesia yallundae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4599-604.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19132812 Hassold E, Backhaus T: Chronic toxicity of five structurally diverse demethylase-inhibiting fungicides to the crustacean Daphnia magna: a comparative assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Jun;28(6):1218-26.

Therefore, we selected a representative of each of the major DMI classes--the piperazine triforine, the pyrimidine fenarimol, the pyridine pyrifenox, the imidazole prochloraz, and the triazole triadimefon--and comparatively investigated their chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16330141 Trosken ER, Fischer K, Volkel W, Lutz WK: Inhibition of human CYP19 by azoles used as antifungal agents and aromatase inhibitors, using a new LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of estradiol product formation. Toxicology. 2006 Feb 15;219(1-3):33-40. Epub 2005 Dec 5.

However, azoles used as fungicides, e.g. prochloraz, or as antifungal drugs, e.g. bifonazole, were almost as potent inhibitors of aromatase as the drugs used in tumor therapy.
Their therapeutic activity is based on the inhibition of fungal lanosterol-14alpha-demethylase (CYP51).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15554355 Trosken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Volkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK: Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res. 2004 Aug;30(3):387-94.

Antifungal activity is based on inhibition of fungal CYP51 (lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase), and estrogen biosynthesis reduction is due to azole inhibition of CYP19 (aromatase).
Most potent fungicides included prochloraz, flusilazole, and imazalil, and most potent medicinal antifungals were bifonazole, miconazole, and clotrimazole.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11267777 Wood HM, Dickinson MJ, Lucas JA, Dyer PS: Cloning of the CYP51 gene from the eyespot pathogen Tapesia yallundae indicates that resistance to the DMI fungicide prochloraz is not related to sequence changes in the gene encoding the target site enzyme. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Mar 15;196(2):183-7.

Resistance to sterol 14 alpha-demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides has been correlated with mutations in the CYP51 gene encoding the target enzyme eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19351244 Yin Y, Liu X, Li B, Ma Z: Characterization of sterol demethylation inhibitor-resistant isolates of Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum collected from wheat in China. Phytopathology. 2009 May;99(5):487-97.

In this study, sensitivities of 159 F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates to a benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim (MBC) and to sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) tebuconazole and prochloraz were determined.
Analysis of two 14alpha-demethylase (cyp51) homologous genes (cyp51A and cyp51B) showed that the F. asiaticum isolates could be distinguished from F. graminearum isolates based on the sequence of cyp51A.
1(0,0,0,1) Details