| Name | sodium channel (protein family or complex) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Sodium channel |
| Name | pyrethrins |
|---|---|
| CAS | pyrethrins |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18615615 | Sonoda S, Tsukahara Y, Ashfaq M, Tsumuki H: Genomic organization of the para-sodium channel alpha-subunit genes from the pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible strains of the diamondback moth. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2008 Sep;69(1):1-12. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19735371 | Martins AJ, Lima JB, Peixoto AA, Valle D: Frequency of Val1016Ile mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti Brazilian populations. Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Nov;14(11):1351-5. Epub 2009 Sep 4. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15705504 | Anstead JA, Williamson MS, Denholm I: Evidence for multiple origins of identical insecticide resistance mutations in the aphid Myzus persicae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Mar;35(3):249-56. This reduced sensitivity is caused by two mutations, L1014F (kdr) and M918T (super-kdr), in the para-type voltage gated sodium channel. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18402142 | Reimer L, Fondjo E, Patchoke S, Diallo B, Lee Y, Ng A, Ndjemai HM, Atangana J, Traore SF, Lanzaro G, Cornel AJ: Relationship between kdr mutation and resistance to pyrethroid and DDT insecticides in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae. J Med Entomol. 2008 Mar;45(2):260-6. Two mutations at the same locus in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene are known to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and DDT. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16608487 | Pinto J, Lynd A, Elissa N, Donnelly MJ, Costa C, Gentile G, Caccone A, do Rosario VE: Co-occurrence of East and West African kdr mutations suggests high levels of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Anopheles gambiae from Libreville, Gabon. Med Vet Entomol. 2006 Mar;20(1):27-32. Point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene involved in knockdown resistance to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides have been described in several insect species. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16324748 | Ray DE, Fry JR: A reassessment of the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul;111(1):174-93. Epub 2005 Dec 1. One significant problem is the very clear heterogeneity of pyrethroid sensitivity that is seen across sodium channel subtypes; however, the distribution and function of these across the central nervous system are poorly characterized. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18304643 | Shafer TJ, Rijal SO, Gross GW: Complete inhibition of spontaneous activity in neuronal networks in vitro by deltamethrin and permethrin. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Mar;29(2):203-12. Epub 2008 Jan 19. Types I and II pyrethroid insecticides cause temporally distinct decreases in voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inactivation rates that are proposed to underlie their characteristic differences in toxicity signs. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11504804 | Spencer CI, Yuill KH, Borg JJ, Hancox JC, Kozlowski RZ: Actions of pyrethroid insecticides on currents, action potentials, and contractile rhythm in isolated mammalian ventricular myocytes and perfused hearts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1067-82. Cardiac myocytes are also rich in channels but comparatively little is known about the effect of pyrethroids on the heart, or on the cardiac sodium channel isoform. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16820067 | Kulkarni MA, Rowland M, Alifrangis M, Mosha FW, Matowo J, Malima R, Peter J, Kweka E, Lyimo I, Magesa S, Salanti A, Rau ME, Drakeley C: Occurrence of the -to- knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Anopheles arabiensis populations in Tanzania, detected by a simplified high-throughput SSOP-ELISA method. Malar J. 2006 Jul 5;5:56. Knockdown resistance (kdr) confers resistance to the pyrethroid class of insecticides with cross-resistance to DDT through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16007969 | Yaicharoen R, Kiatfuengfoo R, Chareonviriyaphap T, Rongnoparut P: Characterization of deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Thailand. J Vector Ecol. 2005 Jun;30(1):144-50. The partial cDNA sequence of the para-type voltage-dependent sodium channel (IIS4-IIS6) was determined for BKH and PSC populations. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17487686 | Davies TG, Field LM, Usherwood PN, Williamson MS: DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect channels. IUBMB Life. 2007 Mar;59(3):151-62. DDT, the pyrethrins and the synthetic pyrethroids (the latter currently accounting for around 17% of the world insecticide market), act on the voltage-gated sodium channel proteins found in insect nerve cell membranes. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 12097481 | Tan J, Liu Z, Nomura Y, Goldin AL, Dong K: Alternative splicing of an insect sodium channel gene generates pharmacologically distinct channels. J Neurosci. 2002 Jul 1;22(13):5300-9. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 11886774 | Liu Z, Tan J, Valles SM, Dong K: Synergistic interaction between two cockroach sodium channel mutations and a tobacco budworm sodium channel mutation in reducing channel sensitivity to a pyrethroid insecticide. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Apr;32(4):397-404. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 11886779 | Tan J, Liu Z, Tsai TD, Valles SM, Goldin AL, Dong K: Novel sodium channel gene mutations in Blattella germanica reduce the sensitivity of expressed channels to deltamethrin. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Apr;32(4):445-54. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 15766386 | Lynd A, Ranson H, McCall PJ, Randle NP, Black WC 4th, Walker ED, Donnelly MJ: A simplified high-throughput method for pyrethroid knock-down resistance (kdr) detection in Anopheles gambiae. Malar J. 2005 Mar 14;4(1):16. BACKGROUND: A single base pair mutation in the sodium channel confers knock-down resistance to pyrethroids in many insect species. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18405930 | Okoye PN, Brooke BD, Koekemoer LL, Hunt RH, Coetzee M: Characterisation of DDT, pyrethroid and resistance in Anopheles funestus from Obuasi, Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Jun;102(6):591-8. Epub 2008 Apr 10. The sodium channel gene of DDT survivors and DDT-susceptible individuals was PCR amplified and sequenced to determine whether any kdr-type mutations were present. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17524156 | Anstead JA, Mallet J, Denholm I: Temporal and spatial incidence of alleles conferring knockdown resistance to pyrethroids in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and their association with other insecticide resistance mechanisms. Bull Entomol Res. 2007 Jun;97(3):243-52. Resistance to pyrethroids is often the result of mutations in the para-type sodium channel protein (knockdown resistance or kdr). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17574382 | Watkins JA, Meacham CA, Crofton KM, Shafer TJ: Concentration-dependent accumulation of [3H]-deltamethrin in sodium channel Nav1.2/beta1 expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Dec;21(8):1672-7. Epub 2007 May 16. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14503571 | Hawthorne DJ: Quantitative trait locus mapping of pyrethroid resistance in Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ Entomol. 2003 Aug;96(4):1021-30. The major QTL occurs on the X chromosome, overlapping the position of a candidate gene (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Voltage sensitive sodium channel [LdVssc1]) previously implicated in pyrethroid resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15262290 | Anstead JA, Williamson MS, Eleftherianos I, Denholm I: High-throughput detection of knockdown resistance in Myzus persicae using allelic discriminating quantitative PCR. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Aug;34(8):871-7. This reduced sensitivity is caused by two mutations, L1014F (kdr) and M918T (super-kdr), in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15525757 | Tan J, Liu Z, Wang R, Huang ZY, Chen AC, Gurevitz M, Dong K: Identification of amino acid residues in the insect sodium channel critical for pyrethroid binding. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;67(2):513-22. Epub 2004 Nov 3. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 12429130 | Morin S, Williamson MS, Goodson SJ, Brown JK, Tabashnik BE, Dennehy TJ: Mutations in the Bemisia tabaci para sodium channel gene associated with resistance to a pyrethroid plus organophosphate mixture. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Dec;32(12):1781-91. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 19154185 | Du Y, Lee JE, Nomura Y, Zhang T, Zhorov BS, Dong K: Identification of a cluster of residues in transmembrane segment 6 of domain III of the cockroach sodium channel essential for the action of pyrethroid insecticides. Biochem J. 2009 Apr 15;419(2):377-85. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 16431283 | Du Y, Liu Z, Nomura Y, Khambay B, Dong K: An in segment 3 of domain III (IIIS3) of the cockroach sodium channel contributes to the low pyrethroid sensitivity of an alternative splice variant. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Feb;36(2):161-8. Epub 2005 Dec 20. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 11860918 | Wang X, Xiao H, Dai X, Liu X, Yu X, Wu J: [Effects of phoxim and fenvalerate on TTX-S and TTX-R channels in the DRG neurons of adult rat]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2000 May;34(3):136-9. RESULTS: The inactivation of TTX-R sodium channel was obviously slowed down by Fen. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17046602 | Liu Z, Tan J, Huang ZY, Dong K: Effect of a fluvalinate-resistance-associated sodium channel mutation from varroa mites on cockroach sodium channel sensitivity to fluvalinate, a pyrethroid insecticide. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Nov;36(11):885-9. Epub 2006 Sep 3. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 16060266 | Fallang A, Denholm I, Horsberg TE, Williamson MS: Novel point mutation in the sodium channel gene of pyrethroid-resistant sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Crustacea: Copepoda). Dis Aquat Organ. 2005 Jun;65(2):129-36. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 16701561 | Xu Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Liu N: Kdr allelic variation in pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus (S.). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jun 30;345(2):774-80. Epub 2006 May 4. The loss of target site sensitivity to insecticides resulting from a substitution of to termed the kdr mutation, in the voltage-gated sodium channel of the insect nervous system is known to be important in insecticide resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18381673 | Margaritopoulos JT, Skavdis G, Kalogiannis N, Nikou D, Morou E, Skouras PJ, Tsitsipis JA, Vontas J: Efficacy of the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin against Bactrocera oleae populations from Greece, and improved diagnostic for an iAChE mutation. Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Sep;64(9):900-8. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18402139 | Janeira F, Vicente JL, Kanganje Y, Moreno M, Do Rosario VE, Cravo P, Pinto J: A primer-introduced restriction analysis-polymerase chain reaction method to detect knockdown resistance mutations in Anopheles gambiae. J Med Entomol. 2008 Mar;45(2):237-41. In the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles, two point mutations at the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14680113 | Tomita T, Yaguchi N, Mihara M, Takahashi M, Agui N, Kasai S: Molecular analysis of a para sodium channel gene from pyrethroid-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol. 2003 Jul;40(4):468-74. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 11456334 | Motomura H, Narahashi T: Interaction of tetramethrin and deltamethrin at the single sodium channel in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurotoxicology. 2001 Jun;22(3):329-39. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 12349858 | Guerrero FD, Alison MW Jr, Kammlah DM, Foil LD: Use of the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol. 2002 Sep;39(5):747-54. Fly resistance was monitored by weekly fly counts, filter paper bioassays and diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in the sodium channel gene coding region. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 11829409 | Soderlun DM, Lee SH: Point mutations in homology domain II modify the sensitivity of rat Nav1.8 channels to the pyrethroid insecticide cismethrin. Neurotoxicology. 2001 Dec;22(6):755-65. Two point mutations in homology domain II of the housefly Vsscl voltage-sensitive sodium channel subunit, M918T and L1014F are associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and reduce the pyrethroid sensitivity of Vsscl channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16360952 | Alon M, Benting J, Lueke B, Ponge T, Alon F, Morin S: Multiple origins of pyrethroid resistance in sympatric biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Jan;36(1):71-9. Epub 2005 Nov 28. Previous work showed that in the B biotype, this resistance is associated with the L925I mutation in the para-type voltage gated sodium channel. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16828989 | Xu Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Liu N: Sodium channel gene expression associated with pyrethroid resistant house flies and German cockroaches. Gene. 2006 Sep 1;379:62-7. Epub 2006 May 4. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 12615099 | Kakko I, Toimela T, Tahti H: The synaptosomal membrane bound ATPase as a target for the effects of pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin. Chemosphere. 2003 May;51(6):475-80. A cellular target of pyrethroids is the sodium channel in the membrane. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18051777 | Djadid ND, Forouzesh F, Karimi M, Raeisi A, Hassan-Zehi A, Zakeri S: Monitoring pyrethroid insecticide resistance in major malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies: comparison of molecular tools and conventional susceptibility test. Iran Biomed J. 2007 Jul;11(3):169-76. METHODS: In current study, along with WHO routine susceptibility test with DDT (4%), dieldrin (0.4%), malathion (5%), permethrin (0.25%), lambadacyhalothrin (0.1%), and deltamethrin 0.025, we cloned and sequenced segment VI of domain II (SII6) in voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene of An. culicifacies specimens collected in Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17915510 | Durand R, Millard B, Bouges-Michel C, Bruel C, Bouvresse S, Izri A: Detection of pyrethroid resistance gene in head lice in schoolchildren from Bobigny, France. J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):796-8. Recent studies showed that a M815I-T929I-L932F kdr-like mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene was associated with permethrin resistance in head lice from several countries worldwide. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11812616 | Soderlund DM, Clark JM, Sheets LP, Mullin LS, Piccirillo VJ, Sargent D, Stevens JT, Weiner ML: Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. Toxicology. 2002 Feb 1;171(1):3-59. Unlike insects, mammals have multiple sodium channel isoforms that vary in their biophysical and pharmacological properties, including their differential sensitivity to pyrethroids. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20161186 | Clark JM: Determination, mechanism and monitoring of knockdown resistance in permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. J Asia Pac Entomol. 2009 Mar 1;12(1):1-7. Permethrin-resistant lice are cross-resistant to pyrethrins, PBO-synergized pyrethrins and to DDT. Resistance to permethrin is due to knockdown resistance (kdr), which is the result of three point mutations within the alpha-subunit gene of the voltage-gated sodium channel that causes amino acid substitutions, leading to nerve insensitivity.A three-tiered resistance monitoring system has been established based on molecular resistance detection techniques. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19286258 | Sepici-Dincel A, Caglan Karasu Benli A, Selvi M, Sarikaya R, Sahin D, Ayhan Ozkul I, Erkoc F: Sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings: biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Jul;72(5):1433-9. Epub 2009 Mar 14. Potential oxidative-stress-inducing effect of synthetic pyrethroid cyfluthrin, as lipid peroxidation, in addition to its sodium channel blocking, is reported for the first time as an additional mechanism of action. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19861644 | DeMicco A, Cooper KR, Richardson JR, White LA: Developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jan;113(1):177-86. Epub 2009 Oct 27. Treatment with diazepam ameliorated the spasms, while treatment with the sodium channel antagonist MS-222 ameliorated both spasms and body curvature, suggesting that pyrethroid-induced neurotoxicity is similar in zebrafish and mammals. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18076786 | Eleftherianos I, Foster SP, Williamson MS, Denholm I: Characterization of the M918T sodium channel gene mutation associated with strong resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Bull Entomol Res. 2008 Apr;98(2):183-91. Epub 2007 Dec 13. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 18528710 | Aguilar-Tipacamu G, Miller RJ, Hernandez-Ortiz R, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Vasquez-Pelaez C, Garcia-Vazquez Z, Olvera-Valencia F, Rosario-Cruz R: Inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Parasitol Res. 2008 Aug;103(3):633-9. Epub 2008 Jun 5. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16465743 | Rosario-Cruz R, Guerrero FD, Miller RJ, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Dominguez-Garcia DI, Cornel AJ, Hernandez-Ortiz R, George JE: Roles played by esterase activity and by a sodium channel mutation involved in pyrethroid resistance in populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from Yucatan, Mexico. J Med Entomol. 2005 Nov;42(6):1020-5. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 11852648 | Park S, Brown TM: Linkage of genes for sodium channel and cytochrome P450 (CYP6B10) in Heliothis virescens. Pest Manag Sci. 2002 Feb;58(2):209-12. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 12243232 | Guglielmone AA, Castelli ME, Volpogni MM, Anziani OS, Mangold AJ: Dynamics of cypermethrin resistance in the field in the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Med Vet Entomol. 2002 Sep;16(3):310-5. In this study, fly samples collected in 1999, 2000 and 2001 were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of a specific nucleotide substitution in the sodium channel gene sequence, which has been associated with target site insensitivity to pyrethroids. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15528843 | Kamei J, Saitoh A, Tamura N: Effect of mexiletine on fenvalerate-induced nociceptive response in diabetic mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Nov;96(3):280-5. Epub 2004 Nov 5. This effect may be, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of TTX-R sodium channel-mediated nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18559312 | Eleftherianos I, Foster SP, Williamson MS, Denholm I: Inheritance of L1014F and M918T sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Myzus persicae. Biol Lett. 2008 Oct 23;4(5):545-8. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15817215 | Foil LD, Guerrero F, Alison MW, Kimball MD: Association of the kdr and superkdr sodium channel mutations with resistance to pyrethroids in Louisiana populations of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Vet Parasitol. 2005 Apr 20;129(1-2):149-58. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15657957 | Brun-Barale A, Bouvier JC, Pauron D, Berge JB, Sauphanor B: Involvement of a sodium channel mutation in pyrethroid resistance in Cydia pomonella L, and development of a diagnostic test. Pest Manag Sci. 2005 Jun;61(6):549-54. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16475981 | O'Reilly AO, Khambay BP, Williamson MS, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TG: Modelling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. . Biochem J. 2006 Jun 1;396(2):255-63. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19022275 | Du Y, Nomura Y, Luo N, Liu Z, Lee JE, Khambay B, Dong K: Molecular determinants on the insect sodium channel for the specific action of type II pyrethroid insecticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Jan 15;234(2):266-72. Epub 2008 Nov 5. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 12383951 | Kamei J, Iguchi E, Sasaki M, Zushida K, Morita K, Tanaka S: Modification of the fenvalerate-induced nociceptive response in mice by diabetes. Brain Res. 2002 Sep 6;948(1-2):17-23. The intrathecal (i.t.) or intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of fenvalerate, a sodium channel activator, induced a characteristic behavioral syndrome mainly consisting of reciprocal hind limb scratching directed towards caudal parts of the body and biting or licking of the hind legs in both non-diabetic and diabetic mice. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14500748 | Vais H, Atkinson S, Pluteanu F, Goodson SJ, Devonshire AL, Williamson MS, Usherwood PN: Mutations of the para sodium channel of Drosophila melanogaster identify putative binding sites for pyrethroids. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;64(4):914-22. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15081275 | Shafer TJ, Meyer DA: Effects of pyrethroids on voltage-sensitive channels: a critical evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, data needs, and relationship to assessment of cumulative neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 15;196(2):303-18. For the pyrethroid insecticides, disruption of voltage-sensitive sodium channel function is generally accepted as the mechanism underlying acute neurotoxicity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16051293 | Choi JS, Soderlund DM: Structure-activity relationships for the action of 11 pyrethroid insecticides on rat Na v 1.8 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Mar 15;211(3):233-44. Epub 2005 Jul 26. This paper describes the action of 11 structurally diverse commercial pyrethroid insecticides on the rat Na v 1.8 sodium channel isoform, the principal carrier of the tetrodotoxin-resistant, pyrethroid-sensitive current of sensory neurons, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11714887 | Tabarean IV, Narahashi T: Kinetics of modulation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant channels by tetramethrin and deltamethrin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):988-97. Both types prolong the sodium channel current thereby causing hyperexcitability, yet details of modulation of current kinetics remain largely to be seen. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 17098165 | Sonoda S, Igaki C, Ashfaq M, Tsumuki H: Pyrethroid-resistant diamondback moth expresses alternatively spliced sodium channel transcripts with and without T929I mutation. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;36(12):904-10. Epub 2006 Sep 23. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15544944 | Bass C, Schroeder I, Turberg A, M Field L, Williamson MS: Identification of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the para-type sodium channel of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Dec;34(12):1305-13. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19806205 | Kawada H, Higa Y, Komagata O, Kasai S, Tomita T, Thi Yen N, Loan LL, Sanchez RA, Takagi M: Widespread distribution of a newly found point mutation in voltage-gated sodium channel in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Oct 6;3(10):e527. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 18093007 | Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Rajatileka S, Moulton M, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Bisset J, Rodriguez M, McCall PJ, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC 4th: A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol. 2007 Dec;16(6):785-98. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12852632 | Valles SM, Perera OP, Strong CA: Relationship between the para-homologous sodium channel point mutation (g --> c at nucleotide 2979) and knockdown resistance in the German cockroach using multiplex polymerase chain reaction to discern genotype. J Econ Entomol. 2003 Jun;96(3):885-91. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18801327 | Rajatileka S, Black WC 4th, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Trongtokit Y, Apiwathnasorn C, McCall PJ, Ranson H: Development and application of a simple colorimetric assay reveals widespread distribution of sodium channel mutations in Thai populations of Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop. 2008 Oct;108(1):54-7. Epub 2008 Aug 29. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12770575 | Soderlund DM, Knipple DC: The molecular biology of knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;33(6):563-77. Results of these studies identify voltage-sensitive sodium channel genes orthologous to the para gene of Drosophila melanogaster as the site of multiple knockdown resistance mutations and define the molecular mechanisms by which these mutations cause pyrethroid resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16221961 | Wolansky MJ, Gennings C, Crofton KM: Relative potencies for acute effects of pyrethroids on motor function in rats. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Jan;89(1):271-7. Epub 2005 Oct 12. A common mode-of-action has been proposed for pyrethroids based on in vitro studies, which includes alterations in sodium channel dynamics in nervous system tissues, consequent disturbance of membrane polarization, and abnormal discharge in targeted neurons. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19766671 | Breckenridge CB, Holden L, Sturgess N, Weiner M, Sheets L, Sargent D, Soderlund DM, Choi JS, Symington S, Clark JM, Burr S, Ray D: Evidence for a separate mechanism of toxicity for the Type I and the Type II pyrethroid insecticides. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Nov;30 Suppl 1:S17-31. Epub 2009 Sep 18. Neurotoxicity and mechanistic data were collected for six alpha-cyano pyrethroids (beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) and up to six non-cyano containing pyrethroids (bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin [or allethrin], permethrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin [or its cis-isomer, cismethrin] and tefluthrin under standard conditions. Factor analysis and multivariate dissimilarity analysis were employed to evaluate four independent data sets comprised of (1) fifty-six behavioral and physiological parameters from an acute neurotoxicity functional observatory battery (FOB), (2) eight electrophysiological parameters from voltage clamp experiments conducted on the Na (v) 1.8 sodium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes, (3) indices of efficacy, potency and binding calculated for influx across neuronal membranes, membrane depolarization and released from rat brain synaptosomes and (4) changes in chloride channel open state probability using a patch voltage clamp technique for membranes isolated from mouse neuroblastoma cells. |
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| 17433068 | Davies TG, Field LM, Usherwood PN, Williamson MS: A comparative study of voltage-gated channels in the Insecta: implications for pyrethroid resistance in Anopheline and other Neopteran species. Insect Mol Biol. 2007 Jun;16(3):361-75. Epub 2007 Apr 13. We report the complete cDNA sequence of the Anopheles gambiae voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) alpha-subunit isolated from mature adult mosquitoes. |
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| 12680930 | Brengues C, Hawkes NJ, Chandre F, McCarroll L, Duchon S, Guillet P, Manguin S, Morgan JC, Hemingway J: Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Mar;17(1):87-94. |
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| 16504072 | Verhaeghen K, Van Bortel W, Roelants P, Backeljau T, Coosemans M: Detection of the East and West African kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis from Uganda using a new assay based on FRET/Melt Curve analysis. Malar J. 2006 Feb 22;5:16. In An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis, two different substitutions in the para-type sodium channel, a L1014F substitution common in West Africa and a L1014S replacement found in Kenya, are linked with kdr. |
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| 17896620 | Awolola TS, Oduola AO, Oyewole IO, Obansa JB, Amajoh CN, Koekemoer LL, Coetzee M: Dynamics of knockdown pyrethroid insecticide resistance alleles in a field population of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in southwestern Nigeria. J Vector Borne Dis. 2007 Sep;44(3):181-8. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pyrethroid insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles is mainly associated with reduced target site sensitivity arising from a single point mutation in the sodium channel gene, often referred to as knockdown resistance (kdr). |
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| 15337272 | Choi JS, Soderlund DM: Cyclosporin A and deltamethrin block the downregulation of Nav1.8 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Sep 9;367(3):389-93. The Nav1.8 sodium channel isoform, expressed in sensory neurons and implicated in pain responses, is known to be upregulated in Xenopus oocytes by agents that activate protein kinase A. |
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| 19198520 | Kasai S, Ishii N, Natsuaki M, Fukutomi H, Komagata O, Kobayashi M, Tomita T: Prevalence of kdr-like mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in human head louse populations in Japan. J Med Entomol. 2009 Jan;46(1):77-82. Pyrethroid resistance is associated with amino acid substitutions in the alpha-subunit of the para-sodium channel gene; these substitutions are termed kdr-like mutations. |
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| 11416227 | Li WI, Berman FW, Okino T, Yokokawa F, Shioiri T, Gerwick WH, Murray TF: Antillatoxin is a marine cyanobacterial toxin that potently activates voltage-gated channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 19;98(13):7599-604. Additional, more direct, evidence for an interaction with voltage-gated channels was derived from the ATX-induced allosteric enhancement of [3H] batrachotoxin binding to neurotoxin site 2 of the alpha subunit of the sodium channel. |
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| 19754737 | Tsagkarakou A, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Ilias A, Grispou M, Williamson MS, Tirry L, Vontas J: Identification of pyrethroid resistance associated mutations in the para sodium channel of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Insect Mol Biol. 2009 Oct;18(5):583-93. |
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| 17257205 | Grubor VD, Heckel DG: Evaluation of the role of CYP6B cytochrome P450s in pyrethroid resistant Australian Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Mol Biol. 2007 Feb;16(1):15-23. In evaluating the cytochrome P450 genes CYP6B7, CYP6B6, and CYP6B2 as candidates for RFen1, we found that they occur in a tandem array in the genome, next to the gene encoding the para-type sodium channel; the target of pyrethroid insecticides. |
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| 16325806 | Dekker LV, Daniels Z, Hick C, Elsegood K, Bowden S, Szestak T, Burley JR, Southan A, Cronk D, James IF: Analysis of human Nav1.8 expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Dec 28;528(1-3):52-8. Epub 2005 Dec 2. Both voltage-activated and deltamethrin-activated human Nav1.8 were inhibited by the sodium channel blockers BIII 890 CL, NW-1029, and mexiletine. |
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| 19351083 | Zhou L, Lawrence GG, Vineis JH, McAllister JC, Wirtz RA, Brogdon WG: Detection of broadly distributed sodium channel alleles characteristic of insect pyrethroid resistance in West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in the United States. J Med Entomol. 2009 Mar;46(2):321-7. |
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| 19565267 | Rosario-Cruz R, Guerrero FD, Miller RJ, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Tijerina M, Dominguez-Garcia DI, Hernandez-Ortiz R, Cornel AJ, McAbee RD, Alonso-Diaz MA: Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct;105(4):1145-53. Epub 2009 Jun 30. However a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the presence of the sodium channel mutation, and resistance to SP s as measured by PASA and LPT respectively. |
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| 18538810 | Meacham CA, Brodfuehrer PD, Watkins JA, Shafer TJ: Developmentally-regulated sodium channel subunits are differentially sensitive to alpha-cyano containing pyrethroids. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;231(3):273-81. Epub 2008 Apr 29. |
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| 15119600 | Corbel V, Raymond M, Chandre F, Darriet F, Hougard JM: Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates. Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Apr;60(4):375-80. Nevertheless, antagonism in the R-LAB strain is probably due to a physiological perturbation implying different target sites for pyrethroid (ie sodium channel) and insecticides [ie acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.3.3.7) and choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)]. |
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| 17697325 | Bass C, Nikou D, Donnelly MJ, Williamson MS, Ranson H, Ball A, Vontas J, Field LM: Detection of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Anopheles gambiae: a comparison of two new high-throughput assays with existing methods. Malar J. 2007 Aug 13;6:111. BACKGROUND: Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized mechanism of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in many insect species and is caused by point mutations of the pyrethroid target site the para-type sodium channel. |
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| 16039402 | LePage KT, Goeger D, Yokokawa F, Asano T, Shioiri T, Gerwick WH, Murray TF: The lipopeptide kalkitoxin interacts with voltage-sensitive channels in cerebellar granule neurons. Toxicol Lett. 2005 Aug 14;158(2):133-9. Epub 2005 Apr 9. The marine neurotoxin kalkitoxin, a thiazoline-containing lipid derived from the pantropical marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, was assayed for interaction with the tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-sensitive sodium channel (TTX-VSSC) in cerebellar granule neuron cultures (CGN). |
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| 11488435 | Kamei J, Sasaki M, Zushida K, Morita K, Tanaka S: Nociception and allodynia/hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal administration of fenvalerate. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;86(3):336-41. The intrathecal injection of fenvalerate, a sodium channel activator, at doses of 0.01 to 3 microg, dose-dependently induced the duration of a characteristic behavioral syndrome mainly consisting of reciprocal hind limb scratching directed towards caudal parts of the body and biting or licking of the hind legs in mice. |
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| 20069860 | Toda S, Morishita M: Identification of three point mutations on the sodium channel gene in pyrethroid-resistant Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J Econ Entomol. 2009 Dec;102(6):2296-300. |
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| 19594947 | Singh OP, Bali P, Hemingway J, Subbarao SK, Dash AP, Adak T: PCR-based methods for the detection of L1014 kdr mutation in Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato. Malar J. 2009 Jul 14;8:154. Knock-down resistance due to a point mutation in the voltage gated sodium channel at L1014 residue (kdr) is a common mechanism of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. |
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| 19190219 | Kazanidou A, Nikou D, Grigoriou M, Vontas J, Skavdis G: Short report: a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous genotyping of kdr and ace-1 loci in Anopheles gambiae. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Feb;80(2):236-8. Here we describe a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assay for detecting simultaneously the five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the voltage-gated sodium channel and the ace-1 genes, which have been associated with the mosquito response to most commonly used insecticides. |
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| 16180929 | Bradberry SM, Cage SA, Proudfoot AT, Vale JA: Poisoning due to pyrethroids. Toxicol Rev. 2005;24(2):93-106. Pyrethroids are some 2250 times more toxic to insects than mammals because insects have increased sodium channel sensitivity, smaller body size and lower body temperature. |
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| 19556575 | Martins AJ, Lins RM, Linss JG, Peixoto AA, Valle D: Voltage-gated sodium channel polymorphism and metabolic resistance in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti from Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jul;81(1):108-15. |
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| 12349861 | Guerrero FD, Li AY, Hernandez R: Molecular diagnosis of pyrethroid resistance in Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2002 Sep;39(5):770-6. A --> amino acid mutation in the sodium channel gene S6 transmembrane segment of domain III was found to have a close association with survival of acaricide treatments containing as high as 30% permethrin. |
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| 11268690 | Guerrero FD, Davey RB, Miller RJ: Use of an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay to genotype pyrethroid resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2001 Jan;38(1):44-50. The assay uses a simple method for the extraction of genomic DNA from individual larvae and genotypes individuals for the presence of a --> amino acid substitution in the S6 transmembrane segment of domain III of the para-like sodium channel, clearly distinguishing heterozygotes from homozygotes. |
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| 16678264 | Meyer DA, Shafer TJ: Permethrin, but not deltamethrin, increases spontaneous release from hippocampal neurons in culture. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Jul;27(4):594-603. Epub 2006 Mar 28. Pyrethroid insecticide modulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) is proposed to underlie their effects on neuronal excitability. |
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| 17991435 | Usherwood PN, Davies TG, Mellor IR, O'Reilly AO, Peng F, Vais H, Khambay BP, Field LM, Williamson MS: Mutations in DIIS5 and the DIIS4-S5 linker of Drosophila melanogaster sodium channel define binding domains for pyrethroids and DDT. FEBS Lett. 2007 Nov 27;581(28):5485-92. Epub 2007 Nov 6. |
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| 19731217 | da Silva NM, de Azeredo-Espin AM: Investigation of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in populations of the New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Genet Mol Res. 2009 Sep 1;8(3):1067-78. The resistance mechanism known as knockdown resistance (kdr) is a generic term for amino acid substitutions in the sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance, and substitutions in residue 251 of the carboxylesterase E3 have been associated with organophosphate and pyrethroid hydrolysis. |
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| 18312471 | Wondji CS, Priyanka De Silva WA, Hemingway J, Ranson H, Parakrama Karunaratne SH: Characterization of knockdown resistance in DDT- and pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus populations from Sri Lanka. Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Apr;13(4):548-55. Epub 2008 Feb 26. We report the presence of two mutant alleles of the sodium channel gene, the target site for both DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. |
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| 12216829 | Forcioli D, Frey B, Frey JE: High nucleotide diversity in the para-like voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene sequence in the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J Econ Entomol. 2002 Aug;95(4):838-48. |
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| 19253657 | Chen AC, He H, Temeyer KB, Jones S, Green P, Barker SC: A survey of Rhipicephalus microplus populations for mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance. J Econ Entomol. 2009 Feb;102(1):373-80. A mutation in the sodium channel gene was reported in strains highly resistant to permethrin and another mutation in an esterase gene in a strain that shows moderate resistance to the same pesticide. |
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| 18561309 | Davies TE, O'Reilly AO, Field LM, Wallace B, Williamson MS: Knockdown resistance to DDT and pyrethroids: from target-site mutations to molecular modelling. Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Nov;64(11):1126-30. Naturally derived insecticides such as pyrethrum and man-made insecticides such as DDT and the synthetic pyrethroids act on the voltage-gated sodium channel proteins found in insect nerve-cell membranes. |
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| 18692135 | Sonoda S, Igaki C, Tsumuki H: Alternatively spliced sodium channel transcripts expressed in field strains of the diamondback moth. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Sep;38(9):883-90. Epub 2008 Jul 19. |
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| 18445265 | Santolamazza F, Calzetta M, Etang J, Barrese E, Dia I, Caccone A, Donnelly MJ, Petrarca V, Simard F, Pinto J, della Torre A: Distribution of knock-down resistance mutations in Anopheles gambiae molecular forms in west and west-central Africa. Malar J. 2008 Apr 29;7:74. BACKGROUND: Knock-down resistance (kdr) to DDT and pyrethroids in the major Afrotropical vector species, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is associated with two alternative point mutations at amino acid position 1014 of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, resulting in either a - (L1014F), or a -serine (L1014S) substitution. |
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