Protein Information

Name chloride channel (protein family or complex)
Synonyms chloride channel

Compound Information

Name pyrethrins
CAS pyrethrins

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17615118 Narahashi T, Zhao X, Ikeda T, Nagata K, Yeh JZ: Differential actions of insecticides on target sites: basis for selective toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007 Apr;26(4):361-6.


Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole, is known to act on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor to block the chloride channel.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19766671 Breckenridge CB, Holden L, Sturgess N, Weiner M, Sheets L, Sargent D, Soderlund DM, Choi JS, Symington S, Clark JM, Burr S, Ray D: Evidence for a separate mechanism of toxicity for the Type I and the Type II pyrethroid insecticides. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Nov;30 Suppl 1:S17-31. Epub 2009 Sep 18.

Neurotoxicity and mechanistic data were collected for six alpha-cyano pyrethroids (beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) and up to six non-cyano containing pyrethroids (bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin [or allethrin], permethrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin [or its cis-isomer, cismethrin] and tefluthrin under standard conditions.
Factor analysis and multivariate dissimilarity analysis were employed to evaluate four independent data sets comprised of (1) fifty-six behavioral and physiological parameters from an acute neurotoxicity functional observatory battery (FOB), (2) eight electrophysiological parameters from voltage clamp experiments conducted on the Na (v) 1.8 sodium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes, (3) indices of efficacy, potency and binding calculated for calcium ion influx across neuronal membranes, membrane depolarization and glutamate released from rat brain synaptosomes and (4) changes in chloride channel open state probability using a patch voltage clamp technique for membranes isolated from mouse neuroblastoma cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14657519 Burr SA, Ray DE: Structure-activity and interaction effects of 14 different pyrethroids on voltage-gated chloride ion channels. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Feb;77(2):341-6. Epub 2003 Dec 2.


It therefore appears clear that in some combinations the type I and type II pyrethroids can compete and may bind to the same chloride channel target site.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17603033 Borg JJ, Hancox JC, Zhang H, Spencer CI, Li H, Kozlowski RZ: Differential pharmacology of the cardiac anionic background current I (AB). Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Aug 27;569(3):163-70. Epub 2007 Jun 5.


This study investigated the effects of on I (AB) of four pyrethroid agents tefluthrin (a selective activator of this current), tetramethrin, fenpropathrin and alpha-cypermethrin in addition to other well known chloride channel modulators (chlorotoxin, gadolinium and picrotoxin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details