Protein Information

Name interleukin 4
Synonyms B cell differentiation factor gamma; B cell growth factor; B cell stimulatory factor 1; BCDF gamma; BCDFg; BCDFgamma; BCGF; BSF 1…

Compound Information

Name dibutyl phthalate
CAS dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17380052 Maruyama T, Shiba T, Iizuka H, Matsuda T, Kurohane K, Imai Y: Effects of phthalate esters on dendritic cell subsets and interleukin-4 production in fluorescein isothiocyanate-induced contact hypersensitivity. Microbiol Immunol. 2007;51(3):321-6.

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19840837 Matsuda T, Kurohane K, Imai Y: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate enhances skin sensitization to isocyanate haptens in mice. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Feb 1;192(2):97-100. Epub 2009 Oct 17.


The enhancement of sensitization to MNICN was accompanied by an elevated production of interferon-gamma and reduced production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), suggesting polarization to a T helper 1 (Th1)-dominant response.
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19740346 Shigeno T, Katakuse M, Fujita T, Mukoyama Y, Watanabe H: Phthalate ester-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin mediates allergic dermatitis in mice. Immunology. 2009 Sep;128(1 Suppl):e849-57. Epub 2009 Mar 23.

Interestingly, TSLP was increased in the skin during the sensitization phase when stimulated by a solvent, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), but not by FITC hapten or another solvent, acetone.
Inversely, the ear swelling was suppressed by injection of small interfering RNA against TSLP during the sensitization phase, which was concomitant with decreasing expression of interleukin-4 at the swollen skin site.
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17259732 Maruyama T, Iizuka H, Tobisawa Y, Shiba T, Matsuda T, Kurohane K, Imai Y: Influence of local treatments with capsaicin or allyl isothiocyanate in the sensitization phase of a fluorescein-isothiocyanate-induced contact sensitivity model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;143(2):144-54. Epub 2007 Jan 26.


BACKGROUND: In fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced contact hypersensitivity models, dibutyl phthalate has been empirically used as a solvent ingredient.
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