Protein Information

Name DINP
Synonyms DINB protein; DINB 1; DINB1; DINP; DNA polymerase kappa; POLK; POLQ; Polymerase (DNA directed) kappa variant…

Compound Information

Name dibutyl phthalate
CAS dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16521163 Sorensen LK: Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20(7):1135-43.

A liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method using pneumatically assisted electrospray ionisation (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was developed for determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-'isononyl' phthalate (DINP) and di-'isodecyl' phthalate (DIDP) in milk and milk products including infant formulas.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
12238159 Saito I, Ueno E, Oshima H, Matsumoto H: [Levels of phthalates and adipates in processed foods and migration of di-isononyl adipate from polyvinyl chloride film into foods]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2002 Jun;43(3):185-9.

The levels of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEPHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and di-isononyl adipate (DINA) were determined in 50 processed foods (ham and sausage, fried dumpling and shao-mai, fish paste products, croquette and fried fish, bread, noodle, pickles, etc.).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
17654256 Lee BM, Koo HJ: Hershberger assay for antiandrogenic effects of phthalates. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Aug;70(15-16):1365-70.

The antiandrogenic effects of seven phthalates, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-n-heptyl phthalate (DnHP), and mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP), were investigated by Hershberger assay in castrated male SD rats.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
12775472 Tsumura Y, Ishimitsu S, Saito I, Sakai H, Tsuchida Y, Tonogai Y: Estimated daily intake of plasticizers in 1-week duplicate diet samples following regulation of DEHP-containing PVC gloves in Japan. Food Addit Contam. 2003 Apr;20(4):317-24.

The plasticizers quantified in this study were: dibutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), diisononyl adipate (DINA) and O-acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
9347895 Harris CA, Henttu P, Parker MG, Sumpter JP: The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Aug;105(8):802-11.

The relative potencies of these descended in the order butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) > dibutyl phthalate (DBP) > diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) > diethyl phthalate (DEP) > diisiononyl phthalate (DINP).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12749191 Niino T, Asakura T, Ishibashi T, Itoh T, Sakai S, Ishiwata H, Yamada T, Onodera S: A simple and reproducible testing method for dialkyl phthalate migration from polyvinyl chloride products into saliva simulant. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2003 Feb;44(1):13-8.


The migration rates of diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) from PVC plates containing about 45% (w/w) plasticizer (molded in our laboratory) were identical.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11383157 Sugita T, Hirayama K, Nino R, Ishibashi T, Yamada T: [Contents of phthalate in polyvinyl chloride toys] . Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2001 Feb;42(1):48-55.


Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), dinonyl phthalate (DNP), diheptyl phthalate (DHP), and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) were detected.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19680850 Zhang K, Noonan GO, Begley TH: Determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in food and paper packaging materials from US marketplaces. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2008 Nov;25(11):1416-23.


The concentrations of DIPN and DBP ranged from 0.09 to 20 mg kg (-1) and 0.14 to 55 mg kg (-1), respectively, with most of the DINP and DBP levels lower than 20 mg kg (-1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9060369 Scholz N, Diefenbach R, Rademacher I, Linnemann D: Biodegradation of DEHP, DBP, and DINP: poorly water soluble and widely used phthalate plasticizers. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Apr;58(4):527-34.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
11486379 Tsumura Y, Ishimitsu S, Nakamura Y, Yoshii K, Kaihara A, Tonogai Y: [Contents of eleven phthalates and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2001 Apr;42(2):128-32.


Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was detected in one sample at 76 ng/g.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16257484 Breous E, Wenzel A, Loos U: The promoter of the human sodium/iodide symporter responds to certain phthalate plasticisers. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005 Dec 1;244(1-2):75-8. Epub 2005 Oct 28.


No effect was observed for bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), whereas dibutyl phthalate (DBP) appeared to down-regulate hNIS promoter.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17165549 Niu Z, Ye X, Fang L, Xue Q, Sun Z: [Determination of phthalic acid esters in textiles by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography]. Se Pu. 2006 Sep;24(5):503-7.

A method was established for the simultaneous determination of some phthalic acid esters, namely, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPrP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diamyl phthalate (DAP), dihexyl phthalate (DHP), benzyln-butyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in textiles by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography (GC).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
19235623 Kamrin MA: Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2009 Feb;12(2):157-74.

While these assessments were being undertaken, U.S. state governments and European authorities proposed and promulgated regulations to limit the use of certain phthalates, i.e., di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), especially in consumer products to which children are exposed.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19463926 Ghisari M, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Effects of plasticizers and their mixtures on estrogen receptor and thyroid hormone functions. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Aug 25;189(1):67-77. Epub 2009 May 20.

We investigated in vitro the thyroid hormone-like and estrogenic activities of a range of widely used plasticizers and phenols including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), 4-tert-octylphenol (tOP), 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (CMP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2-phenylphenol (2-PP) and resorcinol.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18294747 Kruger T, Long M, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Plastic components affect the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon and the androgen receptor. Toxicology. 2008 Apr 18;246(2-3):112-23. Epub 2008 Jan 10.

The effects on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the androgen receptor (AR) were assessed using luciferase reporter gene assays of the following compounds: bisphenol A (BPA), 4-n-nonylphenol (nNP), 4-tert-octylphenol (tOP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (CMP), 2-phenylphenol (2-PP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), resorcinol and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12568386 Earls AO, Axford IP, Braybrook JH: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of the migration of phthalate plasticisers from polyvinyl chloride toys and childcare articles. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Jan 3;983(1-2):237-46.

Two of these commercial samples contained diisononyl phthalate (DINP), one diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and one bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP).
The remaining three phthalates from the EU Scientific Committee for Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) list--dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)--were not tested due to the unavailability of suitable materials.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16289305 Wenzel A, Franz C, Breous E, Loos U: Modulation of iodide uptake by dialkyl phthalate plasticisers in FRTL-5 rat thyroid follicular cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005 Dec 1;244(1-2):63-71. Epub 2005 Nov 10.

The present study shows that diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) significantly enhance iodide uptake when concentrations in the magnitude between 10 (-4) M and 10 (-3) M were applied.
In contrast, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) also augments iodide uptake at 1mM but this concentration has just exceeded the toxicity threshold and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the most toxic compound did not modulate iodide uptake at any concentration applied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details