Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor alpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name chloroform
CAS trichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17472475 Lee Y, Park H, Ryu HS, Chun M, Kang S, Kim HS: Effects of elm bark (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) extracts on the modulation of immunocompetence in mice. J Med Food. 2007 Mar;10(1):118-25.

The immunomodulative effects of elm bark extract were studied in vitro by the proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of three kinds of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] by mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured with various fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) of elm bark extract.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19709323 Cao Y, Song Y, An N, Zeng S, Wang D, Yu L, Zhu T, Zhang T, Cui J, Zhou C, Deng X: The effects of telocinobufagin isolated from Chan Su on the activation and cytokine secretion of immunocytes in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;23(4):457-64.

Recently, our lab successfully isolated a monomer telocinobufagin (TCB) from the chloroform extract of Chan Su (Venenum Bufonis).
Moreover, we found that the level of several Th1 cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), are significantly increased after TCB treatment, while the level of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) is significantly decreased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17924009 Mascia Lopes FC, Polesi Placeres MC, Jordao CM Jr, Higuchi CT, Rinaldo D, Vilegas W, Fujimura Leite CQ, Carlos IZ: Immunological and microbiological activity of Davilla elliptica St. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007 Sep;102(6):769-72.

The immunological activity of Davilla elliptica chloroform extract (DECE) was evaluated in vitro by the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release in peritoneal macrophages cultures.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18573934 Sharma S, Khan IA, Ali I, Ali F, Kumar M, Kumar A, Johri RK, Abdullah ST, Bani S, Pandey A, Suri KA, Gupta BD, Satti NK, Dutt P, Qazi GN: Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroxychavicol for its potential use as an oral care agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jan;53(1):216-22. Epub 2008 Jun 23.

Hydroxychavicol isolated from the chloroform extraction of aqueous extract of Piper betle leaves showed inhibitory activity against oral cavity pathogens.
This was evident from its concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation and significant suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in human neutrophils.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19863196 Changsan N, Nilkaeo A, Pungrassami P, Srichana T: Monitoring safety of liposomes containing rifampicin on respiratory cell lines and in vitro efficacy against Mycobacterium bovis in alveolar macrophages. J Drug Target. 2009 Dec;17(10):751-62.


Rifampicin-encapsulated liposome suspensions were prepared by a chloroform-film method and converted to dry powders by freeze-drying with mannitol as a cryoprotectant.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17822865 Rao YK, Fang SH, Tzeng YM: Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation tumoral cells activities of Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, and Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Oct 8;114(1):78-85. Epub 2007 Aug 2.


The extracts of chloroform (1) and methanol (2) from Antrodia camphorata (AC), and chloroform (3) and n-butanol (4) fractions of methanol extract from Cordyceps sinensis (CS), and hexane (5), ethyl acetate (6), and methanol (7) from Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark (CO) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory as well as tumor-cell growth inhibitory activities in vitro.
0(0,0,0,0) Details