Protein Information

Name NMDA receptor (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Glutamate [NMDA] receptor; Glutamate [NMDA] receptors; N methyl D aspartate receptor; N methyl D aspartate receptors; NMDA receptor; NMDA receptors

Compound Information

Name piperazine
CAS piperazine

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10755741 Morita T, Sonoda R, Nakato K, Koshiya K, Wanibuchi F, Yamaguchi T: Phencyclidine-induced abnormal behaviors in rats as measured by the hole board apparatus. Psychopharmacology. 2000 Feb;148(3):281-8.


The effects of D-alanine (D-Ala), a coagonist of NMDA receptors, or neuroleptics, haloperidol, clozapine and risperidone, on PCP-induced behavioral changes were investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18987204 Harney SC, Jane DE, Anwyl R: Extrasynaptic NR2D-containing NMDARs are recruited to the synapse during LTP of NMDAR-EPSCs. J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 5;28(45):11685-94.

Long-term potentiation of NMDA-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission (NMDAR-LTP) is a little-understood form of plasticity.
The extrasynaptic NMDARs were shown to be NR2D-containing, because the activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs by glutamate spillover was prevented by the NR2D-selective antagonists PPDA [(2R*,3S*)-1-(phenanthrenyl-2-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid] and UBP141.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15661577 Lee HJ, Ban JY, Cho SO, Seong YH: Stimulation of 5-HT1A receptor with 8-OH-DPAT inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical cells. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Mar;51(3):261-8.

H (2) O (2) produced a concentration-dependent reduction of cell viability, which was significantly reduced by (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801), an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
The protective effect of 8-OH-DPAT (100 microM) was completely blocked by the simultaneous treatment of 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimideo) butyl] piperazine (NAN-190, 10muM), a selective 5-HT (1A) receptor antagonist, but not in the presence of the dopamine receptor blocker spiperone (10 microM), indicating that the protective effect of 8-OH-DPAT was mediated via 5-HT (1A) receptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14769205 Meng FJ, Guo J, Song B, Yan XB, Zhang GY: Competitive binding of postsynaptic density 95 and Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B in rat brain. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Feb;25(2):176-80.


The association-dissociation of PSD-95 and CaMKIIalpha to and from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor induced by ischemia and reperfusion and the effects of 1-[N,O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-piperazin e (KN-62, a selective inhibitor of CaMKII) on these protein interactions were investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17658512 Dayanithi G, Desmadryl G, Travo C, Chabbert C, Sans A: Trimetazidine modulates AMPA/kainate receptors in rat vestibular ganglion neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov 21;574(1):8-14. Epub 2007 Jul 10.

Trimetazidine (1 [2,3,4-trimethoxy-benzyl] piperazine, 2 HCl) is an anti-ischemic agent frequently administered as a prophylactic treatment for episodes of angina pectoris and chorioretinal disturbances.
Using Fura-2 fluorescence photometry and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings we investigated the effect of trimetazidine on the [Ca (2+)](i) and current responses induced by the application of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists on low density vestibular ganglion neuronal cultures explanted from 3 day s postnatal rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11595362 Houston GC, Papadakis NG, Carpenter TA, Hall LD, Mukherjee B, James MF, Huang CL: Mapping of brain activation in response to pharmacological agents using fMRI in the rat. Magn Reson Imaging. 2001 Sep;19(7):905-19.


The effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a 5-HT (2b/2c)-receptor agonist on rat brain activity were investigated over a time interval of about 1 h and the results were compared to published glucose utilisation and cerebral blood flow data.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18822964 Li JQ, Huang LY, Chen XJ, Weng ZJ, Zhang CN: [Synthesis and central none-opioid analgesic activity of SIPI5047] . Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2008 Jun;43(6):611-8.


Compound SIPI5047 was synthesize by using piperazine as starting material in five reaction steps, and its central none-opioid analgesic activity was studied.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
14718249 Feng B, Tse HW, Skifter DA, Morley R, Jane DE, Monaghan DT: Structure-activity analysis of a novel NR2C/NR2D-preferring NMDA receptor antagonist: 1-(phenanthrene-2-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;141(3):508-16. Epub 2004 Jan 12.

(2S*,3R*)-1-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PBPD) is a moderate affinity, competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with an atypical pattern of selectivity among NMDA receptor 2 subunit (NR2) subunits.
197(2,3,3,7) Details
19684252 Costa BM, Feng B, Tsintsadze TS, Morley RM, Irvine MW, Tsintsadze V, Lozovaya NA, Jane DE, Monaghan DT: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2 subunit selectivity of a series of novel piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylate derivatives: preferential blockade of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in the rat hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Nov;331(2):618-26. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
117(1,2,2,7) Details
17556637 Wang D, Noda Y, Tsunekawa H, Zhou Y, Miyazaki M, Senzaki K, Nitta A, Nabeshima T: Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in antidepressant-like effects of sigma 1 receptor agonist 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (SA-4503) in olfactory bulbectomized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Sep;322(3):1305-14. Epub 2007 Jun 7.
64(0,2,2,4) Details
15801853 Morley RM, Tse HW, Feng B, Miller JC, Monaghan DT, Jane DE: Synthesis and pharmacology of N1-substituted piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives acting as NMDA receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 2005 Apr 7;48(7):2627-37.
63(0,2,2,3) Details
20007479 Li YC, Xi D, Roman J, Huang YQ, Gao WJ: Activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is required for hyperdopamine and D2 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic NMDA receptor function in the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 9;29(49):15551-63.

Here, we show the signaling pathways involved in hyperdopaminergic regulation of NMDA receptor functions in the prefrontal cortex by incubating cortical slices with high concentration of dopamine or administering dopamine reuptake inhibitor 1-(2-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl) methoxy] ethyl)- 4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine (GBR12909) in vivo.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
19193935 Guard DB, Swartz TD, Ritter RC, Burns GA, Covasa M: Blockade of hindbrain NMDA receptors containing NR2 subunits increases sucrose intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):R921-8. Epub 2009 Feb 4.

To test this, we measured deprivation-induced intake of 15% sucrose solution following fourth ventricle and intra-nucleus of the solitary tract (intra-NTS) injections of Conantokin G (Con G; NR2B blocker), d-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphoric acid (d-CPPene; NR2B/2A blocker), and (+/-)-cis-1-(phenanthren-2yl-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PPDA; NR2D/C blocker).
5(0,0,0,5) Details
16632817 Eger EI 2nd, Liao M, Laster MJ, Won A, Popovich J, Raines DE, Solt K, Dutton RC, Cobos FV 2nd, Sonner JM: Contrasting roles of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the production of immobilization by conventional and aromatic anesthetics. Anesth Analg. 2006 May;102(5):1397-406.

To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of IV infusion of the NMDA blockers dizocilpine (MK-801) and (R)-4-(3-phosphonopropyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (CPP) to decrease the MAC (the minimum alveolar concentration of anesthetic that prevents movement in 50% of subjects given a noxious stimulation) of 8 conventional anesthetics (cyclopropane, desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and xenon) and 8 aromatic compounds (benzene, fluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, and hexafluorobenzene) and, for comparison, etomidate.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19816675 Hoque KE, Indorkar RP, Sammut S, West AR: Impact of dopamine-glutamate interactions on striatal neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity. Psychopharmacology. 2010 Jan;207(4):571-81. Epub 2009 Oct 9.

RESULTS: Administration of the neuronal NOS inhibitor N (G)-propyl-L-arginine (NPA), the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, and the NMDA receptor antagonist 3-phosphonopropyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (CPP) all attenuated staining selectively in the striatum.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
15721167 Feng B, Morley RM, Jane DE, Monaghan DT: The effect of competitive antagonist chain length on NMDA receptor subunit selectivity. Neuropharmacology. 2005 Mar;48(3):354-9. Epub 2005 Jan 25.

For example (R)-CPP displayed a 50-fold difference in affinity between NR2A-containing and NR2D-containing NMDA receptors, while the shorter chain homologue 4-(phosphonomethyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (PMPA) displayed only a 5-fold variation in affinity.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
12941378 Ayala GX, Tapia R: Expression of heat shock protein 70 induced by 4-aminopyridine through glutamate-mediated excitotoxic stress in rat hippocampus in vivo. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Oct;45(5):649-60.

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists MK-801 and (3-phosphonopropyl)-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid prevented the seizures, the neurodegeneration and the expression of HSP70.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18789952 Ayala GX, Tapia R: HSP70 expression protects against hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by endogenous glutamate in vivo. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Dec;55(8):1383-90. Epub 2008 Sep 9.

All these effects of 4-AP are prevented by the NMDA receptor antagonists 3-phosphonopropyl-piperazine-2-carboxilic acid (CPP) and (+) 5-methyl-10,11-dyhydro-5H-dibenzo (a,d) cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801), indicating that they are due to NMDA receptor overactivation by excessive extracellular synaptic glutamate.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19394821 Nguyen KT, Luethi E, Syed S, Urwyler S, Bertrand S, Bertrand D, Reymond JL: 3-(aminomethyl) piperazine-2,5-dione as a novel NMDA glycine site inhibitor from the chemical universe database GDB. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jul 15;19(14):3832-5. Epub 2009 Apr 10.

Docking of randomly selected compounds from the chemical universe database GDB-11, which contains all organic molecules up to 11 atoms of C, N, O, F possible under consideration of simple chemical stability and synthetic feasibility rules, into the NMDA receptor glycine site (1pb7.pdb) lead to the identification of 3-(aminomethyl) piperazine-2,5-dione 3 and its close analog 5-(aminomethyl) piperazine-2,3-dione 4 as possible new ligands for this drug target, which is implicated in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, learning and memory.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15742360 D'Antuono M, de Guzman P, Kano T, Avoli M: Ripple activity in the dentate gyrus of dishinibited hippocampus-entorhinal cortex slices. J Neurosci Res. 2005 Apr 1;80(1):92-103.

Ripples, which were also recorded in "minislices" only of the dentate gyrus, were unaffected by application of the mu-opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe,Gly-ol) enkephalin (10 microM; n = 6) or the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 3-(2-carboxy-piperazine-4-yl)-propyl-l-phosphonate (10 microM; n = 5).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15743930 Kinarsky L, Feng B, Skifter DA, Morley RM, Sherman S, Jane DE, Monaghan DT: Identification of subunit- and antagonist-specific amino acid residues in the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor glutamate-binding pocket. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jun;313(3):1066-74. Epub 2005 Mar 2.

To test the predictive value of these models, all four stereoisomers of the antagonist 1-(phenanthren-2-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PPDA) were docked into the NR2B glutamate-binding site model.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16307611 Guitton MJ, Pujol R, Puel JL: m-Chlorophenylpiperazine exacerbates perception of salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Nov;22(10):2675-8.


The demonstration that cochlear NMDA receptor blockade abolishes the exacerbated perception of tinnitus is highly relevant in terms of treatment.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16682960 Kim HW, Kwon YB, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Han HJ, Kim KW, Beitz AJ, Lee JH: Intrathecal treatment with sigma1 receptor antagonists reduces formalin-induced phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit 1 and the second phase of formalin test in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;148(4):490-8. Epub 2006 May 8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
15051155 Husson I, Mesples B, Medja F, Leroux P, Kosofsky B, Gressens P: Methylphenidate and MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist: shared biological properties. Neuroscience. 2004;125(1):163-70.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
15146049 Lozovaya NA, Grebenyuk SE, Tsintsadze TSh, Feng B, Monaghan DT, Krishtal OA: Extrasynaptic NR2B and NR2D subunits of NMDA receptors shape 'superslow' afterburst EPSC in rat hippocampus. J Physiol. 2004 Jul 15;558(Pt 2):451-63. Epub 2004 May 14.

In contrast, ifenprodil, a highly selective NR2B antagonist, and [+/-]-cis-1-[phenanthren-2yl-carbonyl] piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PPDA), a competitive antagonist that is moderately selective for NR2D subunits, more strongly inhibited the late component of the afterburst EPSC (NMDA).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16307739 Bennett S, Gronier B: Modulation of striatal dopamine release in vitro by agonists of the glycineB site of NMDA receptors; interaction with antipsychotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Dec 19;527(1-3):52-9. Epub 2005 Nov 22.

The effect of glycine on spontaneous release was abolished by the non-competitive NMDA antagonists 5R,10S-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801, 10 microM) and ifenprodil (5 microM), but was only partially suppressed by the competitive antagonist 4-(3-phosphonopropyl)-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (CPP, 10 microM).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19911010 Baron A, Montagne A, Casse F, Launay S, Maubert E, Ali C, Vivien D: NR2D-containing NMDA receptors mediate tissue plasminogen activator-promoted neuronal excitotoxicity. Cell Death Differ. 2009 Nov 13.

We show that tPA-mediated signalling and neurotoxicity through the NMDAR are blocked by co-application of an NR2D antagonist (phenanthrene derivative (2S (*), 3R (*))-1-(phenanthrene-2-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, PPDA) or knockdown of neuronal NR2D expression.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19799710 Park DJ, West AR: Regulation of striatal nitric oxide synthesis by local dopamine and glutamate interactions. J Neurochem. 2009 Dec;111(6):1457-65. Epub 2009 Oct 3.

To study the impact of local manipulations of D1/5 and glutamatergic NMDA receptors on striatal nNOS activity, we combined the techniques of in vivo amperometry and reverse microdialysis.
NO efflux elicited by systemic administration of SKF-81297 was blocked following intrastriatal infusion of: (i) the D1/5 receptor antagonist SCH-23390, (ii) the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, (iii) the non-specific ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid, and (iv) the selective NMDA receptor antagonist 3-phosphonopropyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12486804 Tsai CL, Wang LH, Tsai CC: Role of serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate in the behavioral thermoregulation of female tilapia during the prespawning phase. J Exp Zool. 2002 Oct 1;293(5):443-9.

This effect was mimicked by the agonist of 5-HT1A, 1B, and 2C receptors, N-3-trifluoromethylphenyl piperazine.
Both agonist and antagonist of glutamate (Glu), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and MK-801 (1.0 x 10 (-6) M), a noncompetitive blocker of NMDA receptor, significantly decreased the preferred temperature.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11182540 Noda A, Noda Y, Kamei H, Ichihara K, Mamiya T, Nagai T, Sugiura S, Furukawa H, Nabeshima T: Phencyclidine impairs latent learning in mice: interaction between glutamatergic systems and sigma (1) receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Apr;24(4):451-60.

When PCP (1mg/kg i.p.) was administered before the training trial, the finding latency was significantly prolonged in comparison with that in the saline-treated mice, indicating that PCP induced impairment of latent learning. 1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503: 0.3 mg/kg s.c.) and (+)-pentazocine (1 mg/kg s.c.), selective sigma (1) receptor agonists, or D-cycloserine (10 and 30mg/kg, s.c.), a glycine binding site agonist, significantly counteracted the PCP-induced impairment of latent learning, whereas (+)-SKF-10,047 (0.1-3 mg/kg s.c.), a putative sigma (1) receptor agonist, did not.
SA4503 also ameliorated the impairment of latent learning induced by dizocilpine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, the effect being antagonized by NE-100.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12177685 Hoerr R, Noeldner M: Ensaculin (KA-672 HCl): a multitransmitter approach to dementia treatment. CNS Drug Rev. 2002 Summer;8(2):143-58.

Ensaculin, a novel benzopyranone substituted with a piperazine moiety, showed memory-enhancing effects in paradigms of passive and conditioned avoidance in both normal and artificially amnesic rodents.
The compound could be characterized as a weak NMDA receptor-operated channel blocker.
1(0,0,0,1) Details