Protein Information

Name ICRF
Synonyms ICRF; P19; PSP; PTP; Islet cells regeneration factor; Islet of Langerhans regenerating protein; Lithostathine 1 alpha; Lithostathine 1 alpha precursor…

Compound Information

Name anthraquinone
CAS 9,10-anthracenedione

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8930764 Cummings J, Meikle I, Macpherson JS, Smyth JF: Determination of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor NU/ICRF 505 and its major metabolite in plasma, tissue and tumour by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Oct 11;685(1):159-64.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique is presented for the determination of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor NU/ICRF 505 (a tyrosine conjugate of anthraquinone), its major metabolite (NU/ICRF 505/M) and an internal standard (NU/ICRF 513, dihydroxyphenylalanine conjugate).
85(1,1,1,5) Details
8765530 Cummings J, Meikle I, Macpherson JS, Smyth JF: Characterization of the major metabolite of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor NU/ICRF 505. Anticancer Drug Des. 1996 Jul;11(5):367-82.

NU/ICRF 505 is a tyrosine conjugate of anthraquinone modified at the C terminus of the amino acid as an ethyl ester and it stabilizes topoisomerase I (topo I)-cleavable complexes.
87(1,1,1,7) Details
14679008 Cummings J, Ethell BT, Jardine L, Boyd G, Macpherson JS, Burchell B, Smyth JF, Jodrell DI: Glucuronidation as a mechanism of intrinsic drug resistance in human colon cancer: reversal of resistance by food additives. Cancer Res. 2003 Dec 1;63(23):8443-50.

Identification of the UGT responsible for glucuronidation of SN-38 and the anthraquinone NU/ICRF 505 was achieved by first using a panel of human cDNA-expressed isozymes to measure conjugating activity.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11992628 Cummings J, Boyd G, Ethell BT, Macpherson JS, Burchell B, Smyth JF, Jodrell DI: Enhanced clearance of topoisomerase I inhibitors from human colon cancer cells by glucuronidation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Feb 15;63(4):607-13.

As part of a program to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitors, the cellular pharmacology of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), the active metabolite of clinically used irinotecan (CPT-11) and NU/ICRF 505, an anthraquinone-tyrosine conjugate, has been investigated in two human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
7598737 Meikle I, Cummings J, Macpherson JS, Hadfield JA, Smyth JF: Biochemistry of topoisomerase I and II inhibition by anthracenyl-amino acid conjugates. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Jun 16;49(12):1747-57.

Mono-conjugation of an anthraquinone nucleus with a range of naturally occurring amino acids chemically modified at their C-terminus has been adopted as a synthetic approach in the rational design of novel topoisomerase (topo) inhibitors.
The biochemistry of topo I and II inhibition has been investigated for a series of 16 new compounds (NU/ICRF 500-515) from which structure-activity relationships have been investigated.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
8913431 Cummings J, Hadfield JA, Meikle I, McGown AT, Smyth JF: Molecular modeling of the interaction of anthracenyl-amino acid topoisomerase inhibitors with the DNA sequence d (CGTACG). Anticancer Drugs. 1996 Aug;7(6):636-41.

Modeling data were in good agreement with physical data showing that five compounds intercalated DNA with the anthraquinone chromophore orientated in parallel to the long dimension of the d (CpG) base pairs and the amino acid placed in the minor groove.
The amino acid chain of the topo I inhibitor (NU/ICRF 600, gly-phe) extended significantly out from the helical axis horizontal.
2(0,0,0,2) Details