Protein Information

Name interleukin 1
Synonyms Catabolin; IL 1; IL 1 beta; IL 1B; IL1 beta; IL1B; IL1F2; Interleukin 1…

Compound Information

Name anthraquinone
CAS 9,10-anthracenedione

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17806152 Savarino L, Fioravanti A, Leo G, Aloisi R, Mian M: Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug: an in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Aug;461:231-7.

We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid on cathepsin B activity and proteoglycan release from cultured rabbit cartilage challenged with interleukin-1beta in comparison with diacerhein, the prodrug of rhein.
62(0,2,2,2) Details
16912431 de Isla NG, Yang JW, Huselstein C, Muller S, Stoltz JF: IL-1beta synthesis by chondrocyte analyzed by 3D microscopy and flow cytometry: effect of Rhein. Biorheology. 2006;43(3-4):595-601.

Diacerein is an anthraquinone molecule that has been shown to reduce the severity of OA, both in man and in animal models.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
12193257 Mendes AF, Caramona MM, de Carvalho AP, Lopes MC: Diacerhein and rhein prevent interleukin-1beta-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation by inhibiting the degradation of inhibitor kappaB-alpha. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002 Jul;91(1):22-8.

Diacerhein and rhein are anthraquinone compounds that ameliorate the course of osteoarthritis.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
2523363 House RV, Dean JH: Target cell specificity of immunosuppression in murine lymphocytes exposed to 1,4-bis [(2-aminoethyl) amino]-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (AEAD). Int J Immunopharmacol. 1989;11(1):85-93.

Exposure of murine lymphocytes to the highly-substituted anthraquinone 1,4-bis [(2-aminoethyl) amino]-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (AEAD) results in a profound suppression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function.
Production of both IL-1 and IL-2 were normal, and responsiveness to IL-1 was unaltered, although lymphocytes displayed a reduced responsiveness to IL-2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8118457 Taccoen A, Berdah L: [Diacetylrhein, a new therapeutic approach of osteoarthritis] . Rev Rhum Ed Fr. 1993 Jul;60(6 Pt 2):83S-86S.

Diacerhein is an anthraquinone derivative which is the active ingredient in ART 50.
Its unique pharmacological activity involves inhibition of interleukin 1 and cartilage-degrading enzymes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1535596 Huang HC, Chang JH, Tung SF, Wu RT, Foegh ML, Chu SH: Immunosuppressive effect of emodin, a free radical generator. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Feb 18;211(3):359-64.

After 72 h exposure to emodin (10 microM), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor expression were all reduced.
The structure-activity relationship of emodin and 10 other anthraquione derivatives indicates that the free hydroxyl group at the beta-position of the anthraquinone nucleus plays an important role in the immunosuppressive effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details