Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name diazinon
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20020955 Uner N, Sevgiler Y, Durmaz H, Piner P: In vivo Alterations in Glutathione-Related Processes, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cholinesterase Enzyme Activities in the Liver of Diazinon-Exposed Oreochromis niloticus. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2007;17(6):317-24.

ChE inhibition-related oxidative stress was observed using its correlation with elevated tGSH levels and increased glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) enzyme activities; that reflects the diazinon-induced oxidative stress in the liver of O. niloticus.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18401943 Zawisza-Raszka A, Dolezych B: Acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity in beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) exposed to nickel and/or diazinon. Acta Biol Hung. 2008 Mar;59(1):31-45.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
17126609 Jemec A, Drobne D, Tisler T, Trebse P, Ros M, Sepcic K: The applicability of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase in Daphnia magna toxicity test. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;144(4):303-9. Epub 2006 Oct 19.

The relevance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in D. magna exposed to chromium, cadmium, and diazinon was evaluated in connection with this standard test.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
20196151 Oruc E: Effects of diazinon on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Cyprinus carpio (L.). Environ Toxicol. 2010 Mar 1.

The induction of glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities were also assumed to have resulted from the defense against the toxicity of diazinon. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17936355 Massa R, Blevins S, Chao SL: Role of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase following exposure to nicosulfuron and diazinon in Helicoverpa zea. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2008 Sep;71(1):230-5. Epub 2007 Oct 23.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
20149458 Pereira Tridico C, Ferreira Rodrigues AC, Nogueira L, da Silva DC, Benedito Moreira A, de Almeida EA: Biochemical biomarkers in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to mixtures of benzo [a] pyrene and diazinon. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Feb 8.

Biochemical biomarkers (the activities of acetylcholinesterase, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deetilase, carboxylesterase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) were evaluated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that had been exposed to benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and the organophosphate pesticide diazinon (DZ), at 0.5mg/L.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14680115 Li AY, Davey RB, Miller RJ, George JE: Resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechanism. J Med Entomol. 2003 Jul;40(4):482-90.

Bioassays with diethyl maleate (DEM) revealed a significant correlation between DEM synergism ratios and LC50 estimates for diazinon, suggesting a possible role for glutathione S-transferases in diazinon detoxification.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14746982 da Silva Vaz I Jr, Torino Lermen T, Michelon A, Sanchez Ferreira CA, Joaquim de Freitas DR, Termignoni C, Masuda A: Effect of acaricides on the activity of a Boophilus microplus glutathione S-transferase. Vet Parasitol. 2004 Jan 30;119(2-3):237-45.

Some acaricides (ethion, amitraz, chlorpyrifos, DDT, cypermethrin, diazinon, ivermectin, deltamethrin and flumethrin) inhibited rGST.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15157234 da Silva Vaz Jnr I, Imamura S, Ohashi K, Onuma M: Cloning, expression and partial characterization of a Haemaphysalis longicornis and a Rhipicephalus appendiculatus glutathione S-transferase. Insect Mol Biol. 2004 Jun;13(3):329-35.

In addition, we determine the effect of three acaricides (ethion, deltamethrin and diazinon) on the enzymatic activity of rGSTs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17098168 Willoughby L, Chung H, Lumb C, Robin C, Batterham P, Daborn PJ: A comparison of Drosophila melanogaster detoxification gene induction responses for six insecticides, caffeine and phenobarbital. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;36(12):934-42. Epub 2006 Sep 23.

Mutations leading to changes in expression levels or substrate specificities of cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and esterase genes have been linked to many cases of resistance with the responsible enzyme shown to utilize the insecticide as a substrate.
The insecticides spinosad, diazinon, nitenpyram, lufenuron and dicyclanil did not induce any P450, GST or esterase gene expression after a short exposure to high lethal concentrations of insecticide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11903631 Sabourault C, Guzov VM, Koener JF, Claudianos C, Plapp FW Jr, Feyereisen R: Overproduction of a P450 that metabolizes diazinon is linked to a loss-of-function in the chromosome 2 ali-esterase (MdalphaE7) gene in resistant house flies. Insect Mol Biol. 2001 Dec;10(6):609-18.

In the multiresistant Rutgers strain, several cytochromes P450 and glutathione S-transferases are constitutively overexpressed at the transcriptional level.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10874073 Hodge S, Longley M, Booth L, Heppelthwaite V, O'Halloran K: An evaluation of glutathione S-transferase activity in the Tasmanian lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae) as a biomarker of organophosphate contamination. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000 Jul;65(1):8-15.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
8867880 Kato T, Ogiso T, Kato K, Sano M, Hasegawa R, Shirai T, Ito N: Lack of promoting activity of four pesticides on induction of preneoplastic liver cell foci in rats. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1995;15(5):251-7.

Four pesticides were examined for hepatopromoting activity using a medium-term bioassay based upon induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the rat liver.
Male F344 rats were initially injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally and 2 weeks later were treated with O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN; 75 and 150 ppm), diazinon (500 and 1,000 ppm), phenthoate (500 and 1,000 ppm), or iprobenfos (500 and 1,000 ppm) in the diet for 6 weeks and then killed, all rats being subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12242675 Van Erp S, Booth L, Gooneratne R, O'Halloran K: Sublethal responses of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to organophosphorous insecticides. Environ Toxicol. 2002 Oct;17(5):449-56.

The activities of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes were assessed in the wolf spider (Lycosa hilaris) as biomarkers of organophosphate contamination in agricultural ecosystems.
Spiders were exposed to simulated field rates of two commercially available organophosphorous insecticides [Basudin (diazinon) and Lorsban (chlorpyrifos)] under laboratory conditions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17645302 Fujioka K, Casida JE: Glutathione S-transferase conjugation of organophosphorus pesticides yields S-phospho-, S-aryl-, and S-alkylglutathione derivatives. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Aug;20(8):1211-7. Epub 2007 Jul 21.

The major insecticides chlorpyrifos (CP) and diazinon are of particular interest as multifunctional substrates with diverse metabolites, while ClP (S)(OEt) 2 and the cotton defoliant tribufos are possible precursors of phosphorylated GSH conjugates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18190949 Drobne D, Blazic M, Van Gestel CA, Leser V, Zidar P, Jemec A, Trebse P: Toxicity of imidacloprid to the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea). Chemosphere. 2008 Apr;71(7):1326-34. Epub 2008 Jan 10.

We therefore assessed the effects of imidacloprid on survival, weight gain, feeding rate, total protein content, glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), and digestive gland epithelial thickness in juveniles and adults of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber.
The toxicity of imidacloprid was similar to that of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon, tested earlier using the same methods [Stanek, K., Drobne, D., Trebse, P., 2006.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11699775 Booth LH, O'Halloran K: A comparison of biomarker responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa to the organophosphorus insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Nov;20(11):2494-502.

After a four-week exposure, juveniles were evaluated for cholinesterase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, and growth, and adults were evaluated for the lysosomal neutral red retention assay (NRRA) and growth.
1(0,0,0,1) Details