Protein Information

Name peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
Synonyms HUMPPARG; PAX8/PPARG fusion gene; NR1C3; PPAR gamma; PPAR gamma2; PPARG; PPARG 1; PPARG 2…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18501502 Safe S, Papineni S, Chintharlapalli S: Cancer chemotherapy with indole-3-carbinol, bis (3'-indolyl) methane and synthetic analogs. Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):326-38. Epub 2008 May 22.

For example, p-trifluoromethylphenyl, p-t-butylphenyl and p-biphenyl analogs activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and p-methoxyphenyl and p-phenyl compounds activate nerve growth factor-induced-Balpha (NGFI-Balpha, Nur77) orphan nuclear receptor.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
19147759 Ichite N, Chougule MB, Jackson T, Fulzele SV, Safe S, Singh M: Enhancement of docetaxel anticancer activity by a novel diindolylmethane compound in human non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 15;15(2):543-52.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the cytotoxic effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, 1,1-bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methane (DIM-C-pPhC (6) H (5)), alone and in combination with docetaxel in vitro in A549 lung cancer cells and in vivo in nude mice bearing A549 orthotopic lung tumors.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19504532 Goebel M, Staels B, Unger T, Kintscher U, Gust R: Characterization of new PPARgamma agonists: benzimidazole derivatives - the importance of position 2. ChemMedChem. 2009 Jul;4(7):1136-42.

Probing SAR: The 1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo [d] imidazole moiety is known to be an essential structural component of telmisartan for PPARgamma activation.
65(0,2,2,5) Details
17764562 Su Y, Vanderlaag K, Ireland C, Ortiz J, Grage H, Safe S, Frankel AE: 1,1-Bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methane inhibits basal-like breast cancer growth in athymic nude mice. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(4):R56.

INTRODUCTION: 1,1-Bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methane (CDIM9) has been identified as a new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist that exhibits both receptor dependent and independent antitumor activities.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
19823826 Guo J, Chintharlapalli S, Lee SO, Cho SD, Lei P, Papineni S, Safe S: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent activity of indole ring-substituted 1,1-bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methanes in cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct 13.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
19687349 Kappert K, Tsuprykov O, Kaufmann J, Fritzsche J, Ott I, Goebel M, Bahr IN, Hassle PL, Gust R, Fleck E, Unger T, Stawowy P, Kintscher U: Chronic treatment with losartan results in sufficient serum levels of the metabolite EXP3179 for PPARgamma activation. Hypertension. 2009 Oct;54(4):738-43. Epub 2009 Aug 17.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
19376135 Choi SS, Cha BY, Lee YS, Yonezawa T, Teruya T, Nagai K, Woo JT: Magnolol enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Life Sci. 2009 Jun 19;84(25-26):908-14. Epub 2009 Apr 17.


AIMS: The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
18783396 Jing L, Li WM, Zhou LJ, Li S, Kou JJ, Song J: Expression of renin-angiotensin system and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1999-2007. Epub 2008 Sep 9.


Given that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha and PPARgamma) changes with alterations in cardiac metabolism and myocardial remodeling, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that protein expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma is correlated with RAS activation in ACM.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
19197922 Goebel M, Clemenz M, Staels B, Unger T, Kintscher U, Gust R: Characterization of new PPARgamma agonists: analysis of telmisartan's structural components. ChemMedChem. 2009 Mar;4(3):445-56.

The basic 1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole scaffold of telmisartan was identified as an essential moiety with either a carboxylic acid or tetrazole group at the C-2 position of the biphenyl.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
18162196 Fliegner D, Westermann D, Riad A, Schubert C, Becher E, Fielitz J, Tschope C, Regitz-Zagrosek V: Up-regulation of PPARgamma in myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Jan;10(1):30-8. Epub 2007 Dec 27.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
19301897 Lin CH, Peng YH, Coumar MS, Chittimalla SK, Liao CC, Lyn PC, Huang CC, Lien TW, Lin WH, Hsu JT, Cheng JH, Chen X, Wu JS, Chao YS, Lee HJ, Juo CG, Wu SY, Hsieh HP: Design and structural analysis of novel pharmacophores for potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. J Med Chem. 2009 Apr 23;52(8):2618-22.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
20158108 Waki H, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T: [PPARgamma antagonist as a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and diabetes]. Nippon Rinsho. 2010 Feb;68(2):350-5.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
20029960 Ren L, Li Y, Li Y, Tang R, Hu D, Sheng Z, Liu N: The inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on cardiac hypertrophy through modulating the renin-angiotensin system in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Cell Biochem Funct. 2010 Jan;28(1):58-65.


It has been demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand agonists attenuate cardiac hypertrophy through anti-inflammatory effects.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18560532 Arsenescu V, Arsenescu RI, King V, Swanson H, Cassis LA: Polychlorinated biphenyl-77 induces adipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory adipokines and promotes obesity and atherosclerosis. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jun;116(6):761-8.

RESULTS: Low concentrations of PCB-77 or TCDD increased adipocyte differentiation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, whereas higher concentrations inhibited adipocyte differentiation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details