Protein Information

Name beta glucuronidase
Synonyms Beta glucuronidase; Beta G1; Beta glucuronidase precursor; GUSB; MPS 7; MPS7; Beta G1s; Beta glucuronidase precursors

Compound Information

Name 2,4-D
CAS 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16667958 Fujii N, Uchimiya H: Conditions Favorable for the Somatic Embryogenesis in Carrot Cell Culture Enhance Expression of the roIC Promoter-GUS Fusion Gene. Plant Physiol. 1991 Jan;95(1):238-241.

Upon transferring the cells from a 2,4-D-containing medium to one devoid of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, enhanced expression of beta-glucuronidase in somatic embryo development was recorded.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
18500684 Lee CY, Agrawal DC, Wang CS, Yu SM, Chen JJ, Tsay HS: T-DNA activation tagging as a tool to isolate Salvia miltiorrhiza transgenic lines for higher yields of tanshinones. Planta Med. 2008 Jun;74(7):780-6. Epub 2008 May 26.

Of these 1435 ATM cell lines, six lines (T1-T6) showed a red color on a selective medium containing 4.5 microM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is used as a phenotypic model system to identify the accumulation of tanshinones. 700 out of 1435 ATM cell lines were tested with a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) assay, 35 showed GUS activity.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9202719 Griffin RJ, Salemme J, Clark J, Myers P, Burka LT: Biliary elimination of oral 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolites in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, B6C3F1 mice, and Syrian hamsters. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Jul;51(4):401-13.

This was tentatively identified as 2,4-D-glucuronide based on its hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11448754 Jaiwal PK, Kumari R, Ignacimuthu S, Potrykus I, Sautter C: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Plant Sci. 2001 Jul;161(2):239-247.

Hypocotyl and primary leaves excised from 2-day-old in-vitro grown seedlings produced transgenic calli on B (5) basal medium supplemented with 5x10 (-6) M BAP, 2.5x10 (-6) M each of 2,4-D and NAA and 50 mg l (-1) kanamycin after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 (pTOK233), EHA105 (pBin9GusInt) and C58C1 (pIG121Hm) all containing beta-glucuronidase (gusA) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) marker genes.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11332725 Nikovics K, Simidjieva J, Peres A, Ayaydin F, Pasternak T, Davies JW, Boulton MI, Dudits D, Horvath GV: Cell-cycle, phase-specific activation of Maize streak virus promoters. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2001 May;14(5):609-17.

Histochemical staining of plant roots containing "long and short" C-sense promoter sequences upstream of the GUS (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene showed that promoter activity was restricted to the meristematic region of the roots and was enhanced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) treatment.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8016259 Fujii N, Yokoyama R, Uchimiya H: Analysis of the rolC promoter region involved in somatic embryogenesis-related activation in carrot cell cultures. Plant Physiol. 1994 Apr;104(4):1151-7.

In cell cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.), somatic embryogenesis can be induced by transferring cells from a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to one devoid of 2,4-D.
Previous analysis of transgenic carrot cells containing the 5' non-coding sequence of the Ri plasmid rolC and a structural gene for bacterial beta-glucuronidase (uidA) has shown that the chimeric gene is actively expressed after induction of somatic embryogenesis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20039139 Xu ZQ, Huang X, Feng C, Tian N, Xu D, Feng SZ: Multicellular genesis of leaf primordium was demonstrated via chimaeric transgenic plant of maize (Zea mays L.) regenerated from Type II calli. Mol Biol Rep. 2009 Dec 29.

Type-II embryonic calli were induced from immature embryos of maize (Zea mays L.) genotype YD and bombarded with beta-glucuronidase gene.
Bombarded calli were proliferated on normal N6 medium for 2 weeks at 26 degrees C in the dark and selected on N6 medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 5 mg/l phosphinothricin (PPT) but without casamino acids and proline under the same conditions for 14 days.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12654044 Mathieu M, Neutelings G, Hawkins S, Grenier E, David H: Cloning of a pine germin-like protein (GLP) gene promoter and analysis of its activity in transgenic tobacco Bright Yellow 2 cells. Physiol Plant. 2003 Mar;117(3):425-434.

In Pinus caribaea Morelet, the PcGER1 gene is expressed uniquely in embryo tissues, and encodes a GLP ionically bound to the walls of pine embryo cells maintained in 2,4-D-containing medium.
The PcGER1 promoter sequence was cloned upstream of the GUS (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene and transferred to tobacco Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8979515 Ramana RV, Venu C, Jayasree T, Sadanadam A: Direct somatic embryogenesis and transformation in Cicer arietinum L. Indian J Exp Biol. 1996 Jul;34(7):716-8.

Somatic embryos were induced directly from immature cotyledons of the genotype of chickpea ICC 4918 (annigiri) on B5 medium supplemented with 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D in combination with BA or KN.
Successful transformation was achieved via somatic embryogenesis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, carrying a binary plasmid vector system containing neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) gene as the selectable marker and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11760772 Egnin M, Mora A, Prakash CS: Factors enhancing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 1998 Oct-Dec;34(4):310-8.

An intron-containing beta-glucuronidase uidA (gusA) gene under the transcriptional control of CaMV 35S promoter served as a reporter.
The use of cocultivation media containing high auxin [1.0 or 2.5 mg/l (4.53 micromolar or 11.31 micromolar) 2,4-D] and low cytokinin [0.25 or 0.5 mg/l (1.0 micromolar or 2.0 micromolar) BA] promoted higher transformation than either hormone-free or thidiazuron-containing medium.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8704145 Cheng JC, Seeley KA, Goupil P, Sung ZR: Expression of DC8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Apr;31(1):127-41.

To investigate the mechanism of DC8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing DC8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (DC8:GUS) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
A similar DC8 activity time-course during callus induction and seed development suggests that explantation and 2,4-D treatment initiates a course of events similar to that in the carrot ovule.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15889272 Rock CD, Sun X: Crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling pathways in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Planta. 2005 Sep;222(1):98-106. Epub 2005 May 12.


The Daucus carota (L.) Dc3 promoter: uidA (beta-glucuronidase: GUS) chimaeric reporter (ProDc3:GUS) is induced by ABA, osmoticum, and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vegetative tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14551731 Cho MJ, Yano H, Okamoto D, Kim HK, Jung HR, Newcomb K, Le VK, Yoo HS, Langham R, Buchanan BB, Lemaux PG: Stable transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues derived from mature seed. Plant Cell Rep. 2004 Feb;22(7):483-9. Epub 2003 Oct 10.

These tissues were induced from mature seeds on NB-based medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and high concentrations of cupric sulfate under dim light conditions; germinating shoots and roots were completely removed.
From 431 explants bombarded with transgenes [i.e. a hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt) gene plus one of a wheat thioredoxin h ( wtrxh), a barley NADP-thioredoxin reductase ( bntr), a maize Mutator transposable element ( mudrB) or beta-glucuronidase ( uidA; gus) gene], 28 independent transgenic events were obtained after an 8- to 12-week selection period, giving a 6.5% transformation frequency.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18057938 Facchini PJ, Loukanina N, Blanche V: Genetic transformation via somatic embryogenesis to establish herbicide-resistant opium poppy. Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Apr;27(4):719-27. Epub 2007 Dec 5.

Transformation was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the pCAMBIA3301 vector, which harbors the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene driven by a tandem repeat of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the beta-glucuronidase (gus) structural gene driven by a single copy of the CaMV 35S promoter between left- and right-border sequences.
Herbicide-resistant, proliferating callus was obtained from explants on a medium containing both 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details