Protein Information

Name lactate dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms LDH; lactate dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name 2,4-D
CAS 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1726651 Paulino CA, Palermo-Neto J: Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication on some rat serum components and enzyme activities. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1991;24(2):195-8.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication (0.6 g/kg, po) on lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin levels in rats.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
16906522 Celik I, Tuluce Y, Isik I: Influence of subacute treatment of some plant growth regulators on serum marker enzymes and erythrocyte and tissue antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006;20(4):174-82.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorofenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)) on serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), antioxidant defense systems (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT)), and lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of rats. 50 and 100 ppm of PGRs as drinking water were administered orally to rats (Sprague-Dawley albino) ad libitum for 25 days continuously.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16342474 Yilmaz HR, Yuksel E: Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the activities of some metabolic enzymes for generating pyridine nucleotide pool of cells from mouse liver. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):231-7.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2,4-D in mouse liver on chromosomes as well as hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) which are required for the generation of the pyridine nucleotide pool.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2322426 Friesen EG, Jones GR, Vaughan D: Clinical presentation and management of acute 2,4-D oral ingestion. Drug Saf. 1990 Mar-Apr;5(2):155-9.

The prominent clinical feature was marked central nervous system depression; primary laboratory abnormalities were extreme elevation of creatine kinase activity, and transitory elevation of AST and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8540221 Paulino CA, Palermo-Neto J: Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on cattle serum components and enzyme activities. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1995 Aug;37(4):329-32.

The acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in cattle.
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), O-glutamyl transferase (O-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and urea, creatinine, glucose, total proteins and albumin levels were determined at intervals after dosing.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8888538 Paulino CA, Guerra JL, Oliveira GH, Palermo-Neto J: Acute, subchronic and chronic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication in rats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1996 Oct;38(5):348-52.

After acute exposure, the herbicide decreased locomotor activity and induced ataxia, sedation, muscular weakness (mainly of the hind quarters) and gasping for breath; increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), amylase activities and creatinine levels; decreased total protein (TP) and glucose levels; and increased hematocrit values.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17389777 Mi Y, Zhang C, Taya K: Quercetin protects spermatogonial cells from 2,4-d-induced oxidative damage in embryonic chickens. J Reprod Dev. 2007 Aug;53(4):749-54. Epub 2007 Mar 28.

Membrane integrity was damaged by elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2152293 Ramirez BU: Energetic metabolism and fatigability in experimental myotonia. Arch Biol Med Exp. 1990 May;23(1):17-20.

Experimental myotonia was induced in rats by 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
Glycogen content and the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase remained normal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2627000 Somlyay IM, Varnagy LE: Changes in blood plasma biochemistry of chicken embryos exposed to various pesticide formulations. Acta Vet Hung. 1989;37(1-2):179-83.

Wofatox 50 EC (methylparathion 50%), Nevifosz 50 EC (phosmethylan 50%), Kolfugo 25 FW (carbendazim 25%) and Dikamin D (2,4-D 40%) pesticide formulations were used as test material.
Blood samples were obtained and some plasma parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), total protein, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma pseudocholinesterase (PChE) activities were evaluated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details