Protein Information

Name alkaline phosphatase
Synonyms ALP 1; Alkaline phosphatase; ALPG; ALPPL; ALPPL 2; ALPPL2; GCAP; Germ cell alkaline phosphatase…

Compound Information

Name 2,4-D
CAS 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9702293 Malysheva LN, Zhavoronkov AA: [Structural-functional changes in the thyroid gland after chronic exposure to the dioxin-containing herbicide 2,4-D]. Arkh Patol. 1998 May-Jun;60(3):10-3.

Destructive changes in follicles, lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, areas with morphological signs of activation (predominance of small follicles), high alkaline phosphatase and glycoproteins activity in thyrocytes were revealed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12533958 Sulik M, Sulik A, Barwijuk-Machala M, Pilat-Marcinkiewicz B: Fetotoxic action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2002;47:175-85.

For acid and alkaline phosphatase examination, the kidney section were fixed in Backer's liquid and Gomori histoenzymatic reaction was performed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8540221 Paulino CA, Palermo-Neto J: Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on cattle serum components and enzyme activities. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1995 Aug;37(4):329-32.

The acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in cattle.
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), O-glutamyl transferase (O-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and urea, creatinine, glucose, total proteins and albumin levels were determined at intervals after dosing.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1653630 Carballo M, Gine R, Santos M, Puigdomenech P: Characterization of topoisomerase I and II activities in nuclear extracts during callogenesis in immature embryos of Zea mays. Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Jan;16(1):59-70.

We have characterized the topoisomerase I and II activities in nuclear extracts from immature embryos of Zea mays and the effect of the treatment with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and abscisic acid (ABA).
Alkaline phosphatase treatment of nuclear extracts abolishes both topoisomerase activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8888538 Paulino CA, Guerra JL, Oliveira GH, Palermo-Neto J: Acute, subchronic and chronic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication in rats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1996 Oct;38(5):348-52.

After acute exposure, the herbicide decreased locomotor activity and induced ataxia, sedation, muscular weakness (mainly of the hind quarters) and gasping for breath; increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), amylase activities and creatinine levels; decreased total protein (TP) and glucose levels; and increased hematocrit values.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9565231 Morgulis MS, Oliveira GH, Dagli ML, Palermo-Neto J: Acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication in broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 1998 Apr;77(4):509-15.


The acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a herbicide, was studied in chicks dosed with 100, 300, 500, or 600 mg 2,4-D/kg BW, by the oral route.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10405615 Dequaire M, Degrand C, Limoges B: An immunomagnetic electrochemical sensor based on a perfluorosulfonate-coated screen-printed electrode for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Anal Chem. 1999 Jul 1;71(13):2571-7.

The competitive binding of 2,4-D and 2,4-D labled with alkaline phosphatase (AP) for a limited amount of polyclonal anti-2,4-D antibody-coated magnetic beads was monitored electrochemically by measuring the AP labled++ activity bound to the beads.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8694255 Bauer CG, Eremenko AV, Ehrentreich-Forster E, Bier FF, Makower A, Halsall HB, Heineman WR, Scheller FW: Zeptomole-detecting biosensor for alkaline phosphatase in an electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Anal Chem. 1996 Aug 1;68(15):2453-8.

A bienzyme substrate-recycling biosensor in a flow injection analysis system is described for the sensitive measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and applied to the fast readout of a competitive immunoassay for the widely used pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
18930650 Vinayaka AC, Basheer S, Thakur MS: Bioconjugation of CdTe quantum dot for the detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by competitive fluoroimmunoassay based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Feb 15;24(6):1615-20. Epub 2008 Sep 2.

CdTe capped with mercaptopropionic acid, was conjugated using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and a coupling reagent like N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which was in turn conjugated to 2,4-D molecule.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
1726651 Paulino CA, Palermo-Neto J: Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication on some rat serum components and enzyme activities. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1991;24(2):195-8.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication (0.6 g/kg, po) on lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin levels in rats.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
9253154 Trau D, Theueri T, Wilmer M, Meusel M, Spener F: Development of an amperometric flow injection immunoanalysis system for the determination of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water. Biosens Bioelectron. 1997;12(6):499-510.

In the antigen coating mode the hapten was immobilized and monoclonal primary antibody against 2,4-D together with alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labelled secondary antibody were used as sensing elements in a titration assay.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11761670 Kossmann S, Tustanowski J, Kolodziej B: [Renal dysfunction in chemical plant workers producing dust pesticides] . Med Pr. 2001;52(4):253-6.

In order to assess the renal function in the workers, the concentrations of serum creatinine and uric acid, protein, albumin and alpha 1-microglobulin, as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine were determined.
The active substances with concentrations ranging from 10 to 75% in the final product were as follows: triazines, dithiocarbamates, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, captan, phenylureas, cupric oxychloride and occasionally also carbamates, dodine and 2,4-D.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15348368 Svitel J, Surugiu I, Dzgoev A, Ramanathan K, Danielsson B: Functionalized surfaces for optical biosensors: applications to in vitro pesticide residual analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2001 Oct-Dec;12(10-12):1075-8.

As labels alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase were used with their corresponding substrates CSPD and luminol, respectively.
The functionalized biosensing surfaces were prepared to detect 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid as a model pesticide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details