Protein Information

Name PCNA
Synonyms Cyclin; DNA polymerase delta auxillary protein; PCNA; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; DNA polymerase delta auxillary proteins; Proliferating cell nuclear antigens

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20128380 Lin YZ, Cai JM, Chen L, Yang ZP, Zhang JC, Wu W, Ke D, Xu CX: [Relationship between atrial fibroblast proliferation/fibrosis and atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic heart disease]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;37(9):813-7.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between gene expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19514352 Kogan EA, Tyong FV, Demura SA: [Molecular bases for the development of variants of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis]. Arkh Patol. 2009 Jan-Feb;71(1):12-8.


The serial paraffin sections immunohistochemically revealed the following antigens: cytokeratins 5, 6, 7, 8, 19 (Uni-Heidelberg, DAKO), MMP 1, MMP 2, MMP 7, and TIMP 4, Apo-protein (Novocastra), Ki67, PCNA, PDGF, EGFR, CD34, SMA (smooth muscle actin), FGFb (LabVision).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18949416 Tai WC, Chuah SK, Lin JW, Chen HH, Huang HY, Kuo CM, Yi LN, Lee CM, Changchien CS, Hu TH: Colorectal mesenchymal tumors - from smooth muscle tumors to stromal tumors. Oncol Rep. 2008 Nov;20(5):1157-64.


Immunohistochemical studies were performed with antibodies of CD117, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S-100, Ki-67 and PCNA for clinicopathologic and prognostic correlation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17653731 Nagata K, Masumoto K, Uesugi T, Yamamoto S, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Nonaka K, Taguchi T: Effect of insulin-like-growth factor and its receptors regarding lung development in fetal mice. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007 Oct;23(10):953-9.


All cultures were investigated by immunohistochemistry, using the antibodies of thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, prosurfactant protein (proSp)-C, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17666798 Kim EY, Kim EK, Lee HS, Sohn Y, Soh Y, Jung HS, Sohn NW: Protective effects of Cuscutae semen against dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Aug;30(8):1427-31.


Immunohistochemical studies for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed, along with hydroxyproline and biological assay.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19002105 Kawai T, Masaki T, Doi S, Arakawa T, Yokoyama Y, Doi T, Kohno N, Yorioka N: PPAR-gamma agonist attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation through reduction of TGF-beta. Lab Invest. 2009 Jan;89(1):47-58. Epub 2008 Nov 10.


Protein expression was assessed by western blotting (TGF beta R-I) and immunostaining (TGF beta R-I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type I collagen (collagen I), F4/80, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17868111 Fu SC, Cheuk YC, Chan KM, Hung LK, Wong MW: Is cultured tendon fibroblast a good model to study tendon healing? . J Orthop Res. 2008 Mar;26(3):374-83.


The expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was determined by immunostain.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20015943 Yadav A, Vallabu S, Kumar D, Ding G, Charney DN, Chander PN, Singhal PC: HIVAN phenotype: consequence of epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):F734-44. Epub 2009 Dec 16.


Renal cortical sections from six FVB/N (control) and six Tg26 (HIVAN) mice were immunolabeled for PCNA, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), CD3, and F4/80.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18479415 Ogasawara T, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Shimada M: Beneficial effects of Kampo medicine Inchin-ko-to on liver function and regeneration after hepatectomy in rats. Hepatol Res. 2008 Aug;38(8):818-24. Epub 2008 May 12.


Liver sections were stained using immunohistochemistry (hemeoxygenase-1 [HO-1], alpha-smooth muscle actin [SMA], and proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18498544 Ahn MH, Park BJ, Kwon JH, An SH, Park JW, Jang AS, Rhim T, Park CS: Asp-Tyr-Leu-Lys tetrapeptide inhibits airway inflammation in toluene-2,4-diisocyanate-induced asthma mice. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Jun;38(6):1025-32.


Muc5ac, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression was analysed on trachea and intrapulmonary bronchi using immunohistochemical stain.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18070470 Chen XC, Shan HW, Qu HL, Ge JB, Ge ZP: [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation aggravates postangioplasty aortic restenosis in rats]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Sep;35(9):802-6.


Expressions of c-kit, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA) in aorta were determined by immunocytochemistry using related antibodies.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18688640 Gluhovschi C, Gluhovschi G, Potencz E, Herman D, Petrica L, Velciov S, Bozdog G, Bob F, Vernic C, Cioca D: What is the significance of CD34 immunostaining in the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium?. Virchows Arch. 2008 Oct;453(4):321-8. Epub 2008 Aug 8.


Conventional stains: hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Trichrome Gomori, as well as immunohistochemistry: CD34, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were employed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18776162 Chang SC, Inui K, Lee WC, Hsuan SL, Chien MS, Chen CH, Chang SJ, Liao JW: Spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a young Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36(6):866-70. Epub 2008 Sep 5.


Immunohistochemical staining also expressed intense granular cytoplasmic staining for desmin and myoglobin, with highly positive staining for PCNA, whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was negative.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18300128 Gionanlis L, Alexopoulos E, Papagianni A, Leontsini M, Memmos D: Fibrotic mechanisms in idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: the role of TGF-beta1 and C5b-9. Ren Fail. 2008;30(2):239-46.


Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify infiltrating macrophages, HLA-DR (+), alpha-SMA (+), and PCNA (+) cells, the expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, the growth factor TGF-beta1, and the terminal complement component C5b-9.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17701211 Aresu L, Rastaldi MP, Scanziani E, Baily J, Radaelli E, Pregel P, Valenza F: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells in canine glomerulonephritis. Virchows Arch. 2007 Nov;451(5):937-42. Epub 2007 Aug 15.


Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of the epithelial marker cytokeratin, the smooth muscle marker alpha-SMA, the mesenchymal marker vimentin and PCNA in 20 dogs with membranous glomerulonephritis and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19011011 Yadav UC, Ighani-Hosseinabad F, van Kuijk FJ, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV: Prevention of posterior capsular opacification through aldose reductase inhibition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Feb;50(2):752-9. Epub 2008 Nov 14.


Immunostaining was performed in paraformaldehyde-fixed capsular bags to determine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), beta-crystallin, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19583956 Pot SA, Chandler HL, Colitz CM, Bentley E, Dubielzig RR, Mosley TS, Reid TW, Murphy CJ: Selenium functionalized intraocular lenses inhibit posterior capsule opacification in an ex vivo canine lens capsular bag assay. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Nov;89(5):728-34. Epub 2009 Jul 5.


Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cleaved caspase-3 were examined by immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19968077 Yu DX, Ma XX, Wei HG, Zhang XM, Wang Q, Li CF: [Angiogenesis and its maturation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with the deoxyhemoglobin parameters R2 * and T2 * values by using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2009 Oct;31(5):589-93.


The expressions of VEGF, Flk-1, and PCNA index (PI) were evaluated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20149605 Wen YA, Liu D, Zhou QY, Huang SF, Luo P, Xiang Y, Sun S, Luo D, Dong YF, Zhang LP: Biliary intervention aggravates cholestatic liver injury, and induces hepatic inflammation, proliferation and fibrogenesis in BDL mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2010 Feb 9.


Moreover, proliferative hepatocytes around periportal areas, manifested by enhanced cell mitosis and elevated expression of proliferative markers such as PCNA and Ki67, increased significantly after BDL, while increased CK-19-positive cells in bile ducts indicated bile duct hyperplasia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18294308 Nolazco G, Kovanecz I, Vernet D, Gelfand RA, Tsao J, Ferrini MG, Magee T, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF: Effect of muscle-derived stem cells on the restoration of corpora cavernosa smooth muscle and erectile function in the aged rat. BJU Int. 2008 May;101(9):1156-64. Epub 2008 Feb 21.


RESULTS: The exogenous cells replicated and converted into SMCs, as shown in corporal tissue sections by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha SMA, and smoothelin, and also by Western blot for alpha SMA and PCNA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18435859 Piechocki MP: A stable explant culture of HER2/neu invasive carcinoma supported by alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin expressing stromal cells to evaluate therapeutic agents. BMC Cancer. 2008 Apr 24;8:119.


Within 24 h the tumor cell fraction was reduced 1.9-fold while the stromal cell fraction increased > 3-fold, consistent with specific reductions in phospho-pp44/42 MAPK, MEK1/2 and PCNA in tumor cells and reciprocal increases in the stromal cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19483715 Zhou Y, Xiao XQ, Chen LF, Yang R, Shi JD, Du XL, Klocker H, Park I, Lee C, Zhang J: Proliferation and phenotypic changes of stromal cells in response to varying estrogen/androgen levels in castrated rats. Asian J Androl. 2009 Jul;11(4):451-9. Epub 2009 Jun 1.


In this group, cells positive for Vimentin, non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) increased in the stroma and epithelium.
1(0,0,0,1) Details