Protein Information

Name transforming growth factor beta 1
Synonyms CED; DPD 1; DPD1; TGF beta; TGF beta 1; TGFB; TGFB 1; TGFB1…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19240770 Danilewicz M, Wagrowska-Danielwicz M: Morphometric and immunohistochemical insight into focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in obese and non-obese patients. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Nov;295(5):L800-8. Epub 2008 Sep 12.


Glomerular and interstitial parameters in O-FSGS and I-FSGS were compared morphometrically as well as immunomorphological study was done to evaluate immunohistochemical profile of TGFbeta- 1, monocytes/macrophages, T lymphocytes and alpha-SMA in these groups.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18827016 Leask A, Shi-Wen X, Khan K, Chen Y, Holmes A, Eastwood M, Denton CP, Black CM, Abraham DJ: Loss of protein kinase Cepsilon results in impaired cutaneous wound closure and myofibroblast function. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Feb;88(2):323-30. Epub 2008 Sep 6.


Moreover, both in the presence and absence of TGFbeta, dermal fibroblasts from PKCepsilon-/- mice cultured on fibronectin show impaired abilities to form ;supermature' focal adhesions and alpha-SMA stress fibers, and reduced pro-fibrotic gene expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19219682 Wang T, Shi W: Expression of fibroblast activation proteins in corneal stromal neovascularization. Curr Eye Res. 2009 Feb;34(2):112-7.


Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was examined by immunohistochemistry, and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were detected by double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19335981 Li WT, He YW, Xiao ZH, Ma YB: [Effect of beta-catenin on the activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta1]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):435-41. Epub 2008 Apr 13.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of beta-catenin on the activation of hepatic fibrosis by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFbeta1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18790992 Ichikawa T, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Kanda M, Hayata A, Furukawa K, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Nakanishi M, Matsunaga K, Minakata Y, Ichinose M: Peroxynitrite augments fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling via myofibroblast differentiation. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;17(3):188-92.


The releases of transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and ECM proteins including fibronectin and collagen I were assessed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18036582 Foehr ML, Liu J: Dorsoventral patterning of the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm requires both LIN-12/Notch and TGFbeta signaling. Dev Biol. 2008 Jan 1;313(1):256-66. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

Our results suggest that the LIN-12/Notch pathway and the Sma/Mab TGFbeta pathway function independently in regulating dorsoventral patterning of the M lineage, with LIN-12/Notch required for ventral M lineage fates, and SMA-9 antagonism of TGFbeta signaling required for dorsal M lineage fates.
146(1,3,3,6) Details
17963954 Martinez EF, Araujo VC, Sousa SO, Arana-Chavez VE: TGF-beta1 enhances the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in cultured human pulpal fibroblasts: immunochemical and ultrastructural analyses. J Endod. 2007 Nov;33(11):1313-8. Epub 2007 Sep 17.


Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) has been related to induce the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in fibroblasts during repair.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20052656 Taura K, Miura K, Iwaisako K, Osterreicher CH, Kodama Y, Penz-Osterreicher M, Brenner DA: Hepatocytes do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):1027-36.


Upon stimulation with transforming growth factor beta-1, cultured hepatocytes isolated from untreated liver expressed both GFP and beta-gal with a fibroblast-like morphological change but lacked expression of other mesenchymal markers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17989584 Huisman MA, de Heer E, Ten Dijke P, Grote JJ: Transforming growth factor beta and wound healing in human cholesteatoma. . World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 28;15(12):1431-42.

STUDY DESIGN: The expression of TGFbeta, the activated form of its intracellular effector, phosphorylated-Sma-Mad (pSmad) 2, its natural inhibitor, Smad7, and target gene extra domain A-positive fibronectin (EDA-FN) were examined.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
19578024 Parapuram SK, Chang B, Li L, Hartung RA, Chalam KV, Nair-Menon JU, Hunt DM, Hunt RC: Differential effects of TGFbeta and vitreous on the transformation of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Dec;50(12):5965-74. Epub 2009 Jul 2.

11(0,0,0,11) Details
19421408 Chamberlain CG, Mansfield KJ, Cerra A: Glutathione and catalase suppress TGFbeta-induced cataract-related changes in cultured rat lenses and lens epithelial explants. Mol Vis. 2009;15:895-905. Epub 2009 May 1.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
19516008 Dawes LJ, Sleeman MA, Anderson IK, Reddan JR, Wormstone IM: TGFbeta/Smad4-dependent and -independent regulation of human lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Nov;50(11):5318-27. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18184874 Kubo E, Fatma N, Akagi Y, Beier DR, Singh SP, Singh DP: TAT-mediated PRDX6 protein transduction protects against eye lens epithelial cell death and delays lens opacity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Mar;294(3):C842-55. Epub 2008 Jan 9.


These cells harbored increased levels of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and of alpha-smooth muscle actin and beta ig-h3, markers for cataractogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17651609 Niu ZW, Zhao HW: [The effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on the differentiation of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the change of Egr-1 expression]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2007 Apr;30(4):269-72.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1) on fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts, and the change of Egr-1 expression in the course of differentiation in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19101551 Ono A, Utsugi M, Masubuchi K, Ishizuka T, Kawata T, Shimizu Y, Hisada T, Hamuro J, Mori M, Dobashi K: Glutathione redox regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. FEBS Lett. 2009 Jan 22;583(2):357-62. Epub 2008 Dec 25.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18539926 Londesborough A, Vaahtomeri K, Tiainen M, Katajisto P, Ekman N, Vallenius T, Makela TP: LKB1 in endothelial cells is required for angiogenesis and TGFbeta-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. Development. 2008 Jul;135(13):2331-8.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18631173 Vardouli L, Vasilaki E, Papadimitriou E, Kardassis D, Stournaras C: A novel mechanism of TGFbeta-induced actin reorganization mediated by Smad proteins and Rho GTPases. FEBS J. 2008 Aug;275(16):4074-87. Epub 2008 Jul 9.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18408251 Farina G, Lemaire R, Pancari P, Bayle J, Widom RL, Lafyatis R: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein expression in systemic sclerosis reveals heterogeneity of dermal fibroblast responses to transforming growth factor beta. e1-4. Epub 2009 Jan 6.


To further characterise the response to TGFbeta in SSc, we investigated TGFbeta1 and COMP expression and myofibroblast staining in SSc skin.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19752532 Jiang S, Chen Y, Zou J, Xu X, Zhang X, Liu C, Fang Y, Ding X: Diverse effects of ischemic pretreatments on the long-term renal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30(5):440-9. Epub 2009 Sep 15.


We also analyzed the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and phospho-Smad2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18600488 Kitano A, Yamanaka O, Ikeda K, Ishida-Nishikawa I, Okada Y, Shirai K, Saika S: Tetrandrine suppresses activation of human subconjunctival fibroblasts in vitro. Curr Eye Res. 2008 Jul;33(7):559-65.


Tetrandrine effect on TGFbeta 1/Smad2 signal and Smad7 expression was examined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18365870 Solini A, Santini E, Madec S, Cuccato S, Ferrannini E: Effects of endothelin-1 on fibroblasts from type 2 diabetic patients: Possible role in wound healing and tissue repair. Growth Factors. 2007 Dec;25(6):392-9.


We compared the effect of ET-1 on proliferative transforming growth factor (TGFbeta (1)) expression, fibronectin and laminin release), differentiative [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression] and inflammatory [monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression] responses in skin fibroblasts of healthy subjects (C) and D, testing the relative role of ET (A) and ET (B) receptors in mediating these responses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19619870 Patel M, Smith AJ, Sloan AJ, Smith G, Cooper PR: Phenotype and behaviour of dental pulp cells during expansion culture. Arch Oral Biol. 2009 Oct;54(10):898-908. Epub 2009 Jul 19.


Notably expression of TGFbetas-1, -2 and -3 increased up to passage 10 as did the stem cell and pericyte/myofibroblast markers, CD74, Neuroserpin and alpha-SMA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19224893 Wang Z, Chen C, Finger SN, Kwajah S, Jung M, Schwarz H, Swanson N, Lareu FF, Raghunath M: Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid: a potential epigenetic therapeutic agent for lung fibrosis?. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Oct;1773(10):1572-82. Epub 2007 Jun 12.


Human lung fibroblasts (fetal, adult and idiopathic adult pulmonary fibrosis) were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 with or without SAHA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18809398 Nathu Z, Dwivedi DJ, Reddan JR, Sheardown H, Margetts PJ, West-Mays JA: Temporal changes in MMP mRNA expression in the lens epithelium during anterior subcapsular cataract formation. Nefrologia. 2009;29(1):35-41. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.2009.29.1.35.1.en.full.pdf.


Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) has been known to play a role in anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) formation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), both of which are fibrotic pathologies of the lens.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18235011 Dawes LJ, Eldred JA, Anderson IK, Sleeman M, Reddan JR, Duncan G, Wormstone IM: TGF beta-induced contraction is not promoted by fibronectin-fibronectin receptor interaction, or alpha SMA expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Feb;49(2):650-61.


Consequently, transdifferentiation is believed to drive TGFbeta-mediated contraction.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17888071 Toblli JE, Cao G, Casabe AR, Bechara AJ: Effects of ACE inhibition and beta-blockade on female genital structures in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Sex Med. 2007 Nov;4(6):1593-603. Epub 2007 Sep 21.


Clitorises were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), anti-collagen I and III, anti-transforming growth factor beta (1) (TGFbeta (1)), and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibodies.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20131370 Johnson BQ, Fox R, Chen X, Thibeault S: Tissue regeneration of the vocal fold using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synthetic extracellular matrix injections in rats. Laryngoscope. 2010 Mar;120(3):537-45.


Outcomes measured 1 month after treatment included procollagen-III, fibronectin, hyaluronan synthase-III (HAS3), hyaluronidase (HYAL3), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18178169 Wu MS, Liao CW, Du WY, Kao TC, Su KE, Lin YH, Chang CC, Fan CK: Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in inflammatory cells, alpha-smooth muscle actin in stellate cells, and collagen accumulation in experimental granulomatous hepatitis caused by Toxocara canis in mice. Acta Trop. 2008 Mar;105(3):260-8. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17907149 Manetti M, Neumann E, Milia AF, Tarner IH, Bechi P, Matucci-Cerinic M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Muller-Ladner U: Severe fibrosis and increased expression of fibrogenic cytokines in the gastric wall of systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Oct;56(10):3442-7.


Tissue sections were either stained with Masson's trichrome or by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for the expression of types I, III, and IV collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and endothelin 1 (ET-1).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19322915 Brenmoehl J, Miller SN, Hofmann C, Vogl D, Falk W, Scholmerich J, Rogler G: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2009 Jun;8(3):300-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18005096 Moreels M, Vandenabeele F, Dumont D, Robben J, Lambrichts I: Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and nestin expression in reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions: potential regulatory role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008 Oct;34(5):532-46. Epub 2007 Nov 14.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17943180 Thielitz A, Vetter RW, Schultze B, Wrenger S, Simeoni L, Ansorge S, Neubert K, Faust J, Lindenlaub P, Gollnick HP, Reinhold D: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity mediate antifibrotic effects in normal and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Apr;128(4):855-66. Epub 2007 Oct 18.


Suppression of collagen and matrix synthesis and inhibition of the fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) is a major therapeutic goal in the treatment of fibrosis and keloids.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20177740 Deng B, Yang X, Liu J, He F, Zhu Z, Zhang C: Focal adhesion kinase mediates TGF-beta1-induced renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007 Nov;43(5):616-26. Epub 2007 Aug 16.


FAK was knocked down by transfection of specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in cultured HK-2 cells, then the cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18171523 Li T, Leng XS, Zhu JY, Guo YT, Wei YH: [Effect of protein kinase C/transforming growth factor beta 1 pathway on activation of hepatic stellate cells]. J Cell Sci. 2008 Oct 15;121(Pt 20):3459-67. Epub 2008 Sep 30.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19672103 Zhou HY, Chen WD, Zhu DL, Wu LY, Zhang J, Han WQ, Li JD, Yan C, Gao PJ: The PDE1A-PKCalpha signaling pathway is involved in the upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin by TGF-beta1 in adventitial fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Feb 17.


This study aimed to evaluate the role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A (PDE1A) in the formation of adventitial myofibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18840652 Vaahtomeri K, Ventela E, Laajanen K, Katajisto P, Wipff PJ, Hinz B, Vallenius T, Tiainen M, Makela TP: Lkb1 is required for TGFbeta-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. J Cell Sci. 2008 Nov 1;121(Pt 21):3531-40. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
20195829 Xie XS, Li FY, Liu HC, Deng Y, Li Z, Fan JM: LSKL, a peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1, attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Feb;33(2):275-84. Epub 2010 Feb 24.


TSP-1, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), phosphorylated Smad2 (pSsmad2) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the kidney were measured using immunocytochemistry, western blotting analysis, RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18629640 Lee HS, Jung KH, Park IS, Kwon SW, Lee DH, Hong SS: Protective effect of morin on dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Feb 23.


For the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis-related factors, we investigated expressions of collagen type I, transforming growth factor beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in mRNA and protein levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18155753 Bob FR, Gluhovschi G, Herman D, Potencz E, Gluhovschi C, Trandafirescu V, Schiller A, Petrica L, Velciov S, Bozdog G, Vernic C: Histological, immunohistochemical and biological data in assessing interstitial fibrosis in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. J Vasc Res. 2010;47(1):9-15. Epub 2009 Aug 6.


IHC labeling procedures with monoclonal antibodies anti-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-vimentin and anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) were assessed using a semi-quantitative score, correlated with the histological and biological data.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18936144 Xing D, Bonanno JA: Effect of cAMP on TGFbeta1-induced corneal keratocyte-myofibroblast transformation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Feb;50(2):626-33. Epub 2008 Oct 20.


PURPOSE: TGFbeta is the major mediator to induce myofibroblast differentiation in the corneal wound-healing process.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19350281 Liang Y, Jin Y, Li Y: Expression of JAKs/STATs pathway molecules in rat model of rapid focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Sep;24(9):1661-71. Epub 2009 Apr 7.


The expressions of smooth muscle alpha actin (alpha-SMA), collagen (COL)-IV, STAT1, and STAT3 were examined using histochemical techniques, and Western blotting was used to examine the protein levels of STAT1, STAT3, phosphorylated (P)-STAT1, P-STAT3, and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta (1)).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20061511 Pechkovsky DV, Hackett TL, An SS, Shaheen F, Murray LA, Knight DA: Human Lung Parenchyma but not Proximal Bronchi Produces Fibroblasts with Enhanced TGF{beta} Signaling and {alpha}SMA Expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Jan 8.


In contrast to B-FBR, P-FBR displayed enhanced TGFbeta/Smad signaling at baseline, and inhibition of either ALK-5 or neutralization of endogenously produced and activated TGFbeta substantially decreased basal alphaSMA protein in P-FBR.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19116914 Shi-wen X, Parapuram SK, Pala D, Chen Y, Carter DE, Eastwood M, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Leask A: Requirement of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 for transforming growth factor beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and extracellular matrix contraction in fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan;60(1):234-41.


Some fibrogenic transcriptional responses to transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and ECM contraction, require focal adhesion kinase/Src (FAK/Src).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19897021 Reneker LW, Bloch A, Xie L, Overbeek PA, Ash JD: Induction of corneal myofibroblasts by lens-derived transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1): a transgenic mouse model. Brain Res Bull. 2010 Feb 15;81(2-3):287-96. Epub 2009 Nov 6.


PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is an important cytokine in corneal development and wound healing.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19502172 Xu W, Wang LW, Shi JZ, Gong ZJ: Effects of RNA interference targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1 on immune hepatic fibrosis induced by Concanavalin A in mice. Acta Histochem. 2008;110(3):196-203. Epub 2007 Dec 26.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19408727 Wang L, Tai NZ, Fan ZH: [Effect of botulinum toxin type A on the expression of substance P, calcitionin gene-related peptide, transforming growth factor beta-1 and alpha smooth muscle actin A in wound healing in rats]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009 Jan;25(1):50-3.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
20163211 Cheng MT, Liu CL, Chen TH, Lee OK: Comparison of Potentials between Stem Cells Isolated from Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Bone Marrow for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008 Feb 21:1-8.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation abilities between bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and ACL-derived stem cells (LSCs) from the same donors when cultured with different growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18077605 Yin Z, Tong Y, Zhu H, Watsky MA: ClC-3 is required for LPA-activated Cl- current activity and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Feb;294(2):C535-42. Epub 2007 Dec 12.


ClC-3 knockdown significantly decreased I (Cl,LPA) and I (Cl,VRAC) activity in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) compared with controls, whereas ClC-3 overexpression resulted in increased I (Cl,LPA) activity in the absence of TGF-beta (1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18609274 Stangou M, Alexopoulos E, Pantzaki A, Leonstini M, Memmos D: C5b-9 glomerular deposition and tubular alpha (3) beta (1)-integrin expression are implicated in the development of chronic lesions and predict renal function outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;15(12):902-5.


Monoclonal antibodies used were against C5b-9, alpha (3) beta (1)-integrin, transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and the results were correlated with histological data and long-term outcome of renal function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20348013 Saad S, Stanners SR, Yong R, Tang O, Pollock CA: NOTCH MEDIATED EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSFORMATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE SNAIL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Mar 25.


EMT was induced by exposure to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) and angiotensin II (AngII).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19598300 Liu LX, Huang S, Zhang QQ, Liu Y, Zhang DM, Guo XH, Han DW: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 induces activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul 14;15(26):3246-53.


METHODS: Rat HSC-T6 cells were cultured in separate dishes and treated with various concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1), IGFBP-7 or anti-IGFBP-7 antibody for 24 h.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18003779 Pradere JP, Klein J, Gres S, Guigne C, Neau E, Valet P, Calise D, Chun J, Bascands JL, Saulnier-Blache JS, Schanstra JP: LPA1 receptor activation promotes renal interstitial fibrosis. . J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Dec;18(12):3110-8. Epub 2007 Nov 14.


Furthermore, treatment of wild-type mice with the LPA1 antagonist Ki16425 similarly reduced fibrosis and significantly attenuated renal expression of the profibrotic cytokines connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18988918 Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Minakata Y, Matsunaga K, Hirano T, Akamatsu K, Ichinose M: Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 augments myofibroblast differentiation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;40(6):654-62. Epub 2008 Nov 6.


The release of transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and ECM protein production were assessed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19250650 Urtasun R, Cubero FJ, Vera M, Nieto N: Reactive nitrogen species switch on early extracellular matrix remodeling via induction of MMP1 and TNFalpha. Gastroenterology. 2009 Apr;136(4):1410-22

However, highly activated HSC, such as myofibroblasts and HSC from chronic alcohol-fed rats, were resistant to the anti-fibrogenic actions of ONOO- due to higher levels of GSH, a ONOO- scavenger, overproduction of pro-fibrogenic TGFbeta, and reactive oxygen species.
There was a time- and dose-dependent down-regulation of collagen I and alpha-Sma proteins and up-regulation of MMP1 and TNFalpha, indicating decreased HSC activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19588762 Li Z, Li SR, Liu JY, Dai X, Tao L: [To transdifferentiate human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts induced by connective tissue growth factor mediated transforming growth factor-beta 1 in vitro]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2009 Feb;25(1):49-52.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18473417 Li L, Zhao XY, Wang BE: Down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1/activin receptor-like kinase 1 pathway gene expression by herbal compound 861 is related to deactivation of LX-2 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 May 14;14(18):2894-9.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18355371 Nonaka M, Pawankar R, Fukumoto A, Yagi T: Heterogeneous response of nasal and lung fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-beta 1. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 May;38(5):812-21. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17884089 Wakisaka O, Takahashi N, Shinohara T, Ooie T, Nakagawa M, Yonemochi H, Hara M, Shimada T, Saikawa T, Yoshimatsu H: Hyperthermia treatment prevents angiotensin II-mediated atrial fibrosis and fibrillation via induction of heat-shock protein 72. Eur Respir J. 2009 Jul;34(1):145-55.


HT induced the expression of HSP72, which was associated with the attenuation of AII-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, transforming growth factor-beta (1) secretion, collagen synthesis, and expression of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18583572 Wang CH, Huang CD, Lin HC, Lee KY, Lin SM, Liu CY, Huang KH, Ko YS, Chung KF, Kuo HP: Increased circulating fibrocytes in asthma with chronic airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep 15;178(6):583-91. Epub 2008 Jun 26.


An anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1)-neutralizing antibody inhibited alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibrocyte transformation from NANT cells of patients with CAO.
1(0,0,0,1) Details