Protein Information

Name CP4
Synonyms Basic proline rich protein; Basic salivary proline rich protein BstNI type 1; Basic salivary proline rich protein 1; Basic salivary proline rich protein 1 precursor; BstNI type basic salivary proline rich protein 1; CP3; CP4; CP5…

Compound Information

Name glyphosate
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14995149 Obert JC, Ridley WP, Schneider RW, Riordan SG, Nemeth MA, Trujillo WA, Breeze ML, Sorbet R, Astwood JD: The composition of grain and forage from glyphosate tolerant wheat MON 71800 is equivalent to that of conventional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Mar 10;52(5):1375-84.

Glyphosate tolerant wheat MON 71800, simply referred to as MON 71800, contains a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) protein from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 (CP4 EPSPS) that has a reduced affinity for glyphosate as compared to the endogenous plant EPSPS enzyme.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
17200978 Ocana MF, Fraser PD, Patel RK, Halket JM, Bramley PM: Mass spectrometric detection of CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soya and maize. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(3):319-28.

Genetically modified (GM) soya and maize contain the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4, which confers resistance to the herbicide glyphosate.
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11890406 Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD, Randolph JH, Parker GR, Coffey RD, Laurent KM, Armstrong CL, Mikel WB, Stanisiewski EP, Hartnell GF: Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine. J Anim Sci. 2002 Mar;80(3):708-15.

Dehulled soybean meal prepared from genetically modified, herbicide (glyphosate)-tolerant Roundup Ready soybeans containing the CP4 EPSPS protein and near-isogenic conventional soybeans were assessed in an experiment with growing-finishing pigs.
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12846153 Okunuki H, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Hino A, Goda Y, Sawada J, Toyoda M, Maitani T: Determination of enzymatic activity of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase by LC/MS. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2003 Apr;44(2):77-82.

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine)-tolerant EPSP synthase from the Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 (CP4-EPSP synthase) in genetically modified soybeans (GM-soybeans) was found to have an enzymatic activity of 736 EPSP pmol/min/mg protein in the presence of 3 nmol of S-3-P.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16766672 Yasuor H, Abu-Abied M, Belausov E, Madmony A, Sadot E, Riov J, Rubin B: Glyphosate-induced anther indehiscence in cotton is partially temperature dependent and involves cytoskeleton and secondary wall modifications and auxin accumulation. Plant Physiol. 2006 Aug;141(4):1306-15. Epub 2006 Jun 9.

Yield reduction caused by late application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum; GRC) expressing CP4 5-enol-pyruvylshikmate-3-P synthase under the cauliflower mosaic virus-35S promoter has been attributed to male sterility.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
14995125 Main CL, Pantalone VR, Mueller TC: A novel approach to determine the glyphosate tolerant trait in soybeans. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Mar 10;52(5):1224-7.

The ability of soybean breeders to accurately, economically, and rapidly determine the transfer of the CP4 gene, the gene which confers soybean tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, to elite soybean lines is essential to development of new glyphosate tolerant soybean (GTS) cultivars.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16547651 Tan S, Evans R, Singh B: Herbicidal inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis and herbicide-tolerant crops. Amino Acids. 2006 Mar;30(2):195-204. Epub 2006 Mar 20.

A modified maize EPSPS gene and CP4-EPSPS gene from Agrobacterium sp. have been used to transform plants for target-based tolerance to glyphosate.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
17054516 Reichman JR, Watrud LS, Lee EH, Burdick CA, Bollman MA, Storm MJ, King GA, Mallory-Smith C: Establishment of transgenic herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in nonagronomic habitats. Mol Ecol. 2006 Nov;15(13):4243-55.

We present herein the first evidence for escape of transgenes into wild plant populations within the USA; glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS transgenes were found outside of cultivation area in central Oregon.
15(0,0,2,5) Details
8598558 Harrison LA, Bailey MR, Naylor MW, Ream JE, Hammond BG, Nida DL, Burnette BL, Nickson TE, Mitsky TA, Taylor ML, Fuchs RL, Padgette SR: The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J Nutr. 1996 Mar;126(3):728-40.

CP4 EPSPS is the only protein introduced by genetic manipulation that is expressed in glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which are being developed to provide new weed-control options for farmers.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
16362302 Nunez-Palenius HG, Cantliffe DJ, Huber DJ, Ciardi J, Klee HJ: Transformation of a muskmelon 'Galia' hybrid parental line (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.) with an antisense ACC oxidase gene. Plant Cell Rep. 2006 Mar;25(3):198-205. Epub 2005 Dec 16.

Explants were transformed using A. tumefaciens strain ABI, which contained a vector pCmACO1-AS plasmid, bearing an antisense gene of CMACO-1 and the CP4 syn gene (glyphosate-tolerance).
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15448206 Watrud LS, Lee EH, Fairbrother A, Burdick C, Reichman JR, Bollman M, Storm M, King G, Van de Water PK: Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 5;101(40):14533-8. Epub 2004 Sep 24.

The selectable marker used in these studies was the CP4 EPSPS gene derived from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4 that encodes 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and confers resistance to glyphosate herbicide.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
16341726 Dan Y, Yan H, Munyikwa T, Dong J, Zhang Y, Armstrong CL: MicroTom--a high-throughput model transformation system for functional genomics. Plant Cell Rep. 2006 May;25(5):432-41. Epub 2005 Dec 9.

For CP4, with glyphosate selection, the average transformation frequency was 57%.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
16315092 Peterson RK, Shama LM: A comparative risk assessment of genetically engineered, mutagenic, and conventional wheat production systems. Transgenic Res. 2005 Dec;14(6):859-75.

Current weight-of-evidence suggests that the transgenic CP4 EPSPS protein present in glyphosate-tolerant wheat poses negligible risk to humans, livestock, and wildlife.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
19076230 Levy-Booth DJ, Gulden RH, Campbell RG, Powell JR, Klironomos JN, Pauls KP, Swanton CJ, Trevors JT, Dunfield KE: Roundup Ready soybean gene concentrations in field soil aggregate size classes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009 Feb;291(2):175-9. Epub 2008 Dec 5.

CP4 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (cp4 epsps) genes tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate are extensively grown worldwide.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18029807 Taylor M, Hartnell G, Lucas D, Davis S, Nemeth M: Comparison of broiler performance and carcass parameters when fed diets containing soybean meal produced from glyphosate-tolerant (MON 89788), control, or conventional reference soybeans. Poult Sci. 2007 Dec;86(12):2608-14.

It has been found that MON 89788 produces the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase protein from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 (cp4 epsps), which confers tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup agricultural herbicides.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12835912 Hu T, Metz S, Chay C, Zhou HP, Biest N, Chen G, Cheng M, Feng X, Radionenko M, Lu F, Fry J: Agrobacterium-mediated large-scale transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using glyphosate selection. Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Jun;21(10):1010-19. Epub 2003 Apr 12.

A total of 30 vectors containing the 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium strain CP4 (aroA:CP4), which confers resistance to glyphosate, were introduced into wheat using this system.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19211556 Funke T, Yang Y, Han H, Healy-Fried M, Olesen S, Becker A, Schonbrunn E: Structural basis of glyphosate resistance resulting from the double mutation Thr97 -> Ile and Pro101 -> Ser in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 10;284(15):9854-60. Epub 2009 Feb 11.

CP4 EPSPS, expressed in NK603 corn and transgenic soybean, cotton, and canola, belongs to class II EPSPS, glyphosate-insensitive variants of this enzyme isolated from certain Gram-positive bacteria.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17704388 Taylor M, Lucas D, Nemeth M, Davis S, Hartnell G: Comparison of broiler performance and carcass parameters when fed diets containing combined trait insect-protected and glyphosate-tolerant corn (MON 89034 x NK603), control, or conventional reference corn. Poult Sci. 2007 Sep;86(9):1988-94.

In addition, NK603 produces the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase protein from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 (CP4 EPSPS), which confers tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup agricultural herbicides.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18492601 Healy C, Hammond B, Kirkpatrick J: Results of a 13-week safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected, glyphosate-tolerant MON 88017 corn. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jul;46(7):2517-24. Epub 2008 Apr 13.

Also included in the genome is the coding sequence for the CP4 EPSPS protein from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 that confers glyphosate herbicidal tolerance.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18218755 Combs DK, Hartnell GF: Alfalfa containing the glyphosate-tolerant trait has no effect on feed intake, milk composition, or milk production of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Feb;91(2):673-8.

One alfalfa (Medicago sativa), variety expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein and grown in southeastern Washington State was harvested at the late vegetative stage as hay.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8598557 Hammond BG, Vicini JL, Hartnell GF, Naylor MW, Knight CD, Robinson EH, Fuchs RL, Padgette SR: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J Nutr. 1996 Mar;126(3):717-27.

They also confirmed the results of other studies that demonstrated the safety of the introduced protein, a bacterial 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12817492 Jennings JC, Kolwyck DC, Kays SB, Whetsell AJ, Surber JB, Cromwell GL, Lirette RP, Glenn KC: Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed Roundup Ready soybean meal. J Anim Sci. 2003 Jun;81(6):1447-55.

Using highly sensitive, well-characterized analytical methods, pork loin samples were analyzed for the presence of fragments of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein from animals fed meal prepared from conventional or glyphosate-tolerant Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans.
Total DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed by PCR, followed by Southern blot hybridization for the presence of a 272-bp fragment of the cp4 epsps coding region (encoding the synthetic enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase derived from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4) and a 198-bp fragment of the endogenous soybean gene le1 (encoding soy lectin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14961970 Sten E, Skov PS, Andersen SB, Torp AM, Olesen A, Bindslev-Jensen U, Poulsen LK, Bindslev-Jensen C: A comparative study of the allergenic potency of wild-type and glyphosate-tolerant gene-modified soybean cultivars. APMIS. 2004 Jan;112(1):21-8.

A study of the impact on allergenic potency in soybeans, comparable except for the newly introduced gene (CP4 EPSPS), was performed using soybean-sensitized patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15110110 Hammond B, Dudek R, Lemen J, Nemeth M: Results of a 13 week safety assurance study with rats fed grain from glyphosate tolerant corn. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Jun;42(6):1003-14.

Herbicide tolerance was accomplished through the introduction of cp4 epsps coding sequences into the corn genome for in planta production of CP4 EPSPS enzymes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17555232 Van de Water PK, Watrud LS, Lee EH, Burdick C, King GA: Long-distance GM pollen movement of creeping bentgrass using modeled wind trajectory analysis. Ecol Appl. 2007 Jun;17(4):1244-56.

The area was used in 2003 for the growth of GM creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) engineered to be resistant to glyphosate herbicide.
The presence of the GM gene (CP4 EPSPS) provided a distinct selectable marker for pollen-mediated gene flow to sentinel and resident Agrostis spp. plants.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18498166 Lundry DR, Ridley WP, Meyer JJ, Riordan SG, Nemeth MA, Trujillo WA, Breeze ML, Sorbet R: Composition of grain, forage, and processed fractions from second-generation glyphosate-tolerant soybean, MON 89788, is equivalent to that of conventional soybean (Glycine max L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jun 25;56(12):4611-22. Epub 2008 May 23.

The MON 89788 event was produced by direct transformation of a cp4 epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene cassette derived from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 into an elite soybean germplasm known for its superior agronomic characteristics and high yielding property.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17286049 Liu Z, Pan Z, Xu Y, Dong Z, Yang Z, Lin M: Cloning and expression of a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Halomonas variabilis. DNA Seq. 2006 Jun;17(3):208-14.

Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that there is little homology with the aroA genes which encode glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS in known sources, such as E. coli K12 and Agrobacterium sp.
CP4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11208018 Ye GN, Hajdukiewicz PT, Broyles D, Rodriguez D, Xu CW, Nehra N, Staub JM: Plastid-expressed 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase genes provide high level glyphosate tolerance in tobacco. Plant J. 2001 Feb;25(3):261-70.

Using the Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS as a model we identified translational control sequences that direct a 10,000-fold range of protein accumulation (to > 10% total soluble protein in leaves).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12970505 Ye GN, Colburn SM, Xu CW, Hajdukiewicz PT, Staub JM: Persistence of unselected transgenic DNA during a plastid transformation and segregation approach to herbicide resistance. Plant Physiol. 2003 Sep;133(1):402-10.

In this study, the plastid-lethal markers, glyphosate or phosphinothricin herbicides, were used to develop a selection scheme for plastids that circumvents the need for integration of an antibiotic resistance marker.
One transformation vector carried an antibiotic resistance (aadA) marker used for early nonlethal selection, and the other transformation vector carried the herbicide (CP4 or bar) resistance marker for use in a subsequent lethal selection phase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15702799 Zhou Y, Li YQ, Su N, Pei XF, Yong L: [Rapid analysis of genetically modified soybean by a duplex PCR-capillary electrophoresis system with laser-induced fluorescence detection]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2005 Jan;36(1):119-23.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid detection method for genetically modified soybean resistant to glyphosate.
METHODS: A duplex PCR was performed with primers designed in this study to simultaneously amplify heterogenous genes in transgenic soybean: CaMV-35S promoter, NOS terminator and CP4-EPSPS gene.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17958399 Funke T, Healy-Fried ML, Han H, Alberg DG, Bartlett PA, Schonbrunn E: Differential inhibition of class I and class II 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases by tetrahedral reaction intermediate analogues. Biochemistry. 2007 Nov 20;46(46):13344-51. Epub 2007 Oct 25.


The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase or EPSPS) is best known as the target of the herbicide glyphosate.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
11890463 Nair RS, Fuchs RL, Schuette SA: Current methods for assessing safety of genetically modified crops as exemplified by data on Roundup Ready soybeans. Toxicol Pathol. 2002 Jan-Feb;30(1):117-25.

This paper briefly summarizes the approach used to assure the safety of foods and feeds derived from these genetically modified crops, as exemplified by data on Roundup Ready soybeans that has been developed by Monsanto Company using biotechnology in order to confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide, by the production of the CP4 enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase protein.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
16916934 Funke T, Han H, Healy-Fried ML, Fischer M, Schonbrunn E: Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 29;103(35):13010-5. Epub 2006 Aug 17.

Glyphosate binds to the CP4 EPSP synthase in a condensed, noninhibitory conformation.
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17309724 Chen YC, Hubmeier C, Tran M, Martens A, Cerny RE, Sammons RD, CaJacob C: Expression of CP4 EPSPS in microspores and tapetum cells of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is critical for male reproductive development in response to late-stage glyphosate applications. Plant Biotechnol J. 2006 Sep;4(5):477-87.

Plants expressing Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant EPSPS.
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