Protein Information

Name endothelin 1
Synonyms EDN 1; EDN1; ET1; Endothelin 1; Endothelin 1 precursor; PPET 1; PPET1; Preproendothelin 1…

Compound Information

Name chloralose
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
7485504 Wood JG, Yan ZY, Zhang Q, Cheung LY: Ischemia-reperfusion increases gastric motility and endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol. 1995 Oct;269(4 Pt 1):G524-31.

These experiments used a mechanically perfused ex vivo gastric segment of chloralose-anesthetized dogs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10665982 Yakubu MA, Leffler CW: Enhanced pial arteriolar sensitivity to bioactive agents following exposure to endothelin-1. Life Sci. 2000;66(4):307-16.

Piglets (age: 1-3 d) anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine were implanted with cranial windows, and anesthesia was maintained with alpha-chloralose.
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9335407 Dai SM, Shan ZZ, Miao CY, Yin M, Su DF: Hemodynamic responses to endothelin-1 and endothelin antagonists microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1997 Oct;30(4):475-80.

The arterial baroreflex sensitivity was almost totally suppressed by microinjection of ET-1 (3.3 pmol) in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats.
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8760103 Wood JG, Zhang Q, Yan ZY, Cheung LY: Nitric oxide attenuates endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction in canine stomach. Am J Physiol. 1996 Jul;271(1 Pt 1):G27-35.

Using a mechanically perfused stomach segment from chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we examined 1) responses to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) alone and in combination with L-arginine, 2) whether L-NAME affects ET-1-induced vasoconstriction under normal conditions and after ischemia-reperfusion, and 3) if spermine NONOate {1,3-propanediamine-N-[4-1-(3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazi no] butyl; a nitric oxide donor} attenuates the augmented response to ET-1 after ischemia-reperfusion.
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7877876 Yakubu MA, Shibata M, Leffler CW: Subarachnoid hematoma attenuates vasodilation and potentiates vasoconstriction induced by vasoactive agents in newborn pigs. Pediatr Res. 1994 Nov;36(5):589-94.

The effects of perivascular blood on pial arteriolar vasoreactivity to selected vasodilators and vasoconstrictors were examined in vivo in a newborn pig model. alpha-Chloralose-anesthetized newborn pigs were fitted with closed cranial windows 4 d after cortical subarachnoid injections of autologous blood.
The responsiveness of pial arterioles to topical application of dilator agents [iloprost, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] and vasoconstrictor agents [leukotriene C4 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid was studied in control and blood-injected piglets.
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8896820 Yakubu MA, Leffler CW: Role of endothelin-1 in cerebral hematoma-induced modification of cerebral vascular reactivity in piglets. Brain Res. 1996 Sep 23;734(1-2):149-56.

Closed cranial windows were implanted in alpha-chloralose anesthetized piglets 4 days following cortical subarachnoid injection of: (1) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF); (2) autologous blood; (3) BQ-123 alone; or (4) BQ-123 in combination with blood.
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7478789 Yakubu MA, Shibata M, Leffler CW: Hematoma-induced enhanced cerebral vasoconstrictions to leukotriene C4 and endothelin-1 in piglets: role of prostanoids. Pediatr Res. 1995 Jul;38(1):119-23.

Newborn pigs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose were fitted with closed cranial windows 4 d after cortical subarachnoid injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) (control) or blood (hematoma).
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8796118 Cinca J, Mont L, Carreno A, Mourelle M, Rodes J, Domingo A, Soler-Soler J: Coronary denervation attenuates coronary constriction induced by muscarinic receptor stimulation in pigs. Cardiovasc Res. 1996 Aug;32(2):311-9.

METHODS: Heart rate, left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV dP/dt, coronary blood flow at the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and epicardial ECG mapping were measured before and after topical application of 1% methacholine to the LAD in 10 pigs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (100 mg/kg, i.v.); these were compared with 10 other pigs submitted 2 weeks previously to a denervation of the LAD with phenol.
Isolated LAD rings from 10 additional pigs (5 controls and 5 treated with phenol) were stimulated with endothelin-1 to verify whether phenol affected coronary reactivity to noncholinergic stimulation.
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8964810 Goadsby PJ, Adner M, Edvinsson L: Characterization of endothelin receptors in the cerebral vasculature and their lack of effect on spreading depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 Jul;16(4):698-704.

For the physiological studies, cats were anesthetized with halothane induction and alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal loading; 20 mg/kg i.v. 2-h maintenance).
The in vitro work demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates a strong and potent contraction of cerebral vessels.
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8564881 Notarius CF, Erice F, Stewart D, Magder S: Effect of baroreceptor activation and systemic hypotension on plasma endothelin 1 and neuropeptide Y. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995 Aug;73(8):1136-43.

To determine whether endothelin (ET-1) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release are controlled by the carotid sinus (CS) baroreceptor or local endothelial mechanisms, we isolated and pump perfused the CS in eight chloralose-anesthetized dogs and controlled systemic arterial pressure (SAP) with an elevated reservoir connected to both femoral arteries.
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14988085 Stocker SD, Schiltz JC, Sved AF: Acute increases in arterial blood pressure do not reduce plasma vasopressin levels stimulated by angiotensin II or hyperosmolality in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):R127-37. Epub 2004 Feb 26.


In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats infused with hypertonic saline, inflation of an aortic cuff to increase ABP and stimulate arterial baroreceptors did not reduce plasma VP levels.
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8141304 Wood JG, Yan ZY, Davis JM, Cheung LY: Phosphoramidon attenuates big endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction in canine stomach. Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 1):G311-7.

We compared the effects of endothelin-1 and its precursor, big endothelin-1, on vascular resistance of a blood-perfused ex vivo stomach segment of chloralose-anesthetized dogs.
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9403795 Krowicki ZK, Hornby PJ: Evidence for a dual mechanism of gastric motor responses to intravenously administered endothelin-1 in anesthetized rats. J Physiol Paris. 1997 May-Oct;91(3-5):203-7.

To determine whether circulating ET-1 acts peripherally or centrally to alter gastric motility, ET-1 (30 and 300 pmol/kg) was administered intravenously in alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats, while monitoring intragastric pressure, gastric motility, heart rate and blood pressure.
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