| Name | glutathione S transferase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2… |
| Name | acrolein |
|---|---|
| CAS | 2-propenal |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7703365 | Eisenbrand G, Schuhmacher J, Golzer P: The influence of and detoxifying enzymes on DNA damage induced by 2-alkenals in primary rat hepatocytes and human lymphoblastoid cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 1995 Jan-Feb;8(1):40-6. The reaction proceeds at a much higher rate under catalysis by glutathione S-transferase (GST) than the non-enzymatic reaction. In Namalva cells DNA single strand breaks were induced by much lower concentrations of acrolein, crotonaldehyde and (E)-2-hexenal than in primary rat hepatocytes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15064094 | Yang Y, Yang Y, Trent MB, He N, Lick SD, Zimniak P, Awasthi YC, Boor PJ: Glutathione-S-transferase A4-4 modulates oxidative stress in endothelium: possible role in human atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Apr;173(2):211-21. Transfected cells demonstrated significantly higher GSTs enzyme activity and expressed significantly increased resistance to the cytotoxicity of allylamine, acrolein, (4-HNE), and H (2) O (2) (P < 0.05). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 3382415 | Scott TR, Kirsch RE: Inhibition of rat liver glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by acrolein. . Biochem Int. 1988 Mar;16(3):439-42. |
87(1,1,2,2) | Details |
| 3377801 | Haenen GR, Vermeulen NP, Tai Tin Tsoi JN, Ragetli HM, Timmerman H, Blast A: Activation of the microsomal glutathione-S-transferase and reduction of the dependent protection against lipid peroxidation by acrolein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 May 15;37(10):1933-8. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19073213 | Jia Z, Misra BR, Zhu H, Li Y, Misra HP: Upregulation of cellular by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione as a possible treatment strategy for protecting against acrolein-induced neurocytotoxicity. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Jan;30(1):1-9. Epub 2008 Nov 27. In this study, we have investigated the induction of glutathione (GSH), GSH S-transferase (GST), and aldose reductase (AR) by the unique nutraceutical compound 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T); and the protective effects of the D3T-mediated cellular defenses on acrolein-mediated toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7728738 | Subramaniam S, Subramaniam S, Shyamala Devi CS: Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in CMF treated breast cancer patients. Cancer Biochem Biophys. 1994 Oct;14(3):177-82. Acrolein and phosphoramide mustard are the metabolites of cyclophosphamide which are among the causative agents which reduce the activity of dismultase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes of CMF treated breast cancer patients. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12718659 | Satoh K: Increase Intake of for Prevention of Cancer: an Enzymological Lesson?. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2001;2(1):75-80. However, the species of glutathione S-transferases (GSTP1-1) linked to neoplasia of rat and human were recently shown to be selective for hydrophilic carcinogens such as acrolein and hydroxyalkenals (Satoh, 1998; Satoh et al., 1999) in accord with the finding of a water-network in the active site of the human GSTP1-1 by X-ray analysis (Hu et al.; Ji et al., 1997). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18501200 | Ansari MA, Roberts KN, Scheff SW: Oxidative stress and modification of synaptic proteins in hippocampus after traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Aug 15;45(4):443-52. Epub 2008 May 3. At various times post-TBI, animals were killed and the hippocampus was analyzed for antioxidants (GSH, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and oxidants (acrolein, protein carbonyl, and |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 12535742 | Cao Z, Hardej D, Trombetta LD, Trush MA, Li Y: Induction of cellular and glutathione S-transferase by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in rat aortic smooth muscle A10 cells: protection against acrolein-induced toxicity. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Feb;166(2):291-301. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 20302565 | Nam DT, Arseneault M, Murthy V, Ramassamy C: Potential Role of Acrolein in Neurodegeneration and in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 18. In AD, the activity of the glutathione-S-transferase, the main enzyme responsible for the detoxification of acrolein is significantly decreased in hippocampus. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16204758 | Yousefipour Z, Ranganna K, Newaz MA, Milton SG: Mechanism of acrolein-induced vascular toxicity. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;56(3):337-53. Acrolein increased the generation of lipid hydroperoxide in plasma and aortic tissue by 21% and 124% respectively, increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 8742318 | Cassee FR, Groten JP, Feron VJ: Changes in the nasal epithelium of rats exposed by inhalation to mixtures of and acrolein. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Feb;29(2):208-18. Activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase after 3 days of exposure to acrolein, alone or in combination with and were depressed whereas the peroxidase activity was elevated. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 9463521 | van Iersel ML, Ploemen JP, Lo Bello M, Federici G, van Bladeren PJ: Interactions of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Chem Biol Interact. 1997 Dec 12;108(1-2):67-78. When GSTP1-1 was incubated with a 50-fold molar excess of the aldehydes acrolein (ACR) and (HNE) and the ketones (CUR) and ethacrynic acid (EA) at 22 degrees C, all of them inactivated GSTP1-1. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 3296321 | Ansari GA, Singh SV, Gan JC, Awasthi YC: Human erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase: a possible marker of chemical exposure. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jun;37(1):57-62. All the model compounds tested in the present study (acrolein, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride) showed a dose-dependent inactivation of erythrocyte GST in situ as well as the inhibition of purified erythrocyte GST. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9799558 | Tjalkens RB, Luckey SW, Kroll DJ, Petersen DR: Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes increase glutathione S-transferase mRNA and protein: correlation with activation of the antioxidant response element. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Nov 1;359(1):42-50. Transfected cells were treated with 4--trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), trans-2-hexenal (t-2-HE), 2-propenal (acrolein, 2-PE), and ethacrynic acid (EA), a control compound also containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10406932 | He N, Singhal SS, Awasthi S, Zhao T, Boor PJ: Role of glutathione S-transferase 8-8 in allylamine resistance of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Jul 15;158(2):177-85. AA's toxic effects are thought to be exerted through its conversion to acrolein (AC), a potent electrophilic alkylating agent and atherogen. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9882456 | Satoh K, Sato R, Takahata T, Suzuki S, Hayakari M, Tsuchida S, Hatayama I: Quantitative differences in the active-site hydrophobicity of five human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes: water-soluble carcinogen-selective properties of the neoplastic GSTP1-1 species. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Jan 15;361(2):271-6. In contrast to the Alpha and Mu classes being selective for strongly electrophilic compounds, the neoplastic P1-1 species was indicated to be selective for weakly electrophilic and water-soluble carcinogens such as acrolein and hydroxyalkenals. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7597707 | Misra P, Srivastava SK, Singhal SS, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC, Boor PJ: Glutathione S-transferase 8-8 is localized in smooth muscle cells of rat aorta and is induced in an experimental model of atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Jul;133(1):27-33. Even though the exact mechanisms by which AA causes vascular lesions remain unresolved, recent studies on the acute effects of AA exposure in rats strongly suggest that deamination to the acrolein, oxidative stress, and the resultant increase in lipid peroxidation, generation of .OH radicals, and acute depletion of (GSH) may be some of the causative factors in AA-induced vascular lesions. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7728969 | Satoh K: The high non-enzymatic conjugation rates of some glutathione S-transferase (GST) substrates at high concentrations. Carcinogenesis. 1995 Apr;16(4):869-74. The half-time for acrolein estimated by extrapolation was approximately 0.5 s. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 8950226 | Iersel ML, Ploemen JP, Struik I, van Amersfoort C, Keyzer AE, Schefferlie JG, van Bladeren PJ: Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in human melanoma cells by alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. Chem Biol Interact. 1996 Oct 21;102(2):117-32. Effects of acrolein, citral, crotonaldehyde, ethacrynic acid, and trans-2-hexenal.. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12076520 | Kazi S, Ellis EM: Expression of rat liver glutathione-S-transferase GSTA5 in cell lines provides increased resistance to alkylating agents and toxic aldehydes. Chem Biol Interact. 2002 May 20;140(2):121-35. Increased levels of resistance were also observed towards the lipid peroxidation product acrolein (IC (50)=80 microM compared with 17 microM in control cells). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18028974 | Higgins LG, Cavin C, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD: Induction of cancer chemopreventive enzymes by coffee is mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 1;226(3):328-37. Epub 2007 Sep 26. Evidence that the coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol confer protection against acrolein.. Mice fed diets containing 3% or 6% coffee for 5 days had increased levels of mRNA for NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase class Alpha 1 (GSTA1) of between 4- and 20-fold in the liver and small intestine. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16500992 | Davoine C, Falletti O, Douki T, Iacazio G, Ennar N, Montillet JL, Triantaphylides C: Adducts of oxylipin electrophiles to reflect a 13 specificity of the downstream lipoxygenase pathway in the tobacco hypersensitive response. Plant Physiol. 2006 Apr;140(4):1484-93. Epub 2006 Feb 24. In cryptogein-elicited tobacco leaves, we show that the oxylipin RES adducts to GSH are produced in correlation with GSH consumption, increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, and the appearance of the cell death symptoms. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16828947 | Bhatia K, Kaur M, Atif F, Ali M, Rehman H, Rahman S, Raisuddin S: Aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. ameliorates additive urotoxicity of buthionine sulfoximine and cyclophosphamide in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Oct;44(10):1744-50. Epub 2006 Jun 3. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly used anti-cancer drug which causes toxicity by its reactive metabolites such as acrolein and phosphoramide mustard. CP-treated animals exhibited a significant decrease in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) when compared to the controls. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18258206 | Li X, Liu Z, Luo C, Jia H, Sun L, Hou B, Shen W, Packer L, Cotman CW, Liu J: protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Apr 1;44(7):1465-74. Epub 2008 Jan 18. Acrolein, a major component of cigarette smoke and a product of lipid peroxidation, was used to induce oxidative mitochondrial damage in RPE cells. And, total antioxidant capacity, content, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase activities and expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 were increased by LM relative to LA. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17076691 | Gowder SJ, Devaraj H: Effect of the food flavour on the antioxidant status of rat kidney. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Nov;99(5):379-82. The non-enzymatic antioxidants and were decreased while the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase were increased. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8439314 | Primiano T, Gandy J, York JL, Novak RF: Enhanced glutathione S-transferase 7-7 expression in rat hepatic cytosol following treatment with pyrrole. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Feb 15;190(3):1136-42. Metabolic activity of hepatic cytosol from pyrrole-treated animals was assayed using the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, ethacrynic acid, and acrolein, and an approximately 1.5-, 1.2-, and 1.3-fold increase, respectively, was monitored in the rate of GST-catalyzed substrate conjugation to |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9772203 | He NG, Awasthi S, Singhal SS, Trent MB, Boor PJ: The role of glutathione S-transferases as a defense against reactive electrophiles in the blood vessel wall. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;152(1):83-9. In this study we examined the role of GSTs in providing protection to cultured neonatal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl cardiovascular toxins, allylamine and its metabolite, acrolein. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20153624 | Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb 12. Consequently, the expression and/or activity of the following Phase II enzymes increased: glutamate cysteine ligase, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme-oxygenase 1, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase; total antioxidant capacity and also increased. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 2017737 | Scott TR, Kirsch RE: Glutathione S-transferases YcYfetus and YcYc--kinetic and inhibitor studies relating to their peroxidase activities. S Afr Med J. 1991 Mar 16;79(6):298-301. The effects of the non-substrate ligand rose-Bengal as well as the substrate ligands sulphobromophthalein and acrolein on the GSH peroxidase activity of these two iso-enzymes were also investigated. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18607771 | Zhu H, Jia Z, Strobl JS, Ehrich M, Misra HP, Li Y: Potent induction of total cellular and mitochondrial antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by cruciferous in rat aortic smooth muscle cells: cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2008 Fall;8(3):115-25. Epub 2008 Jul 8. Here we report that incubation of rat aortic smooth muscle A10 cells with (0.25-5 microM) resulted in concentration-dependent induction of a spectrum of important cellular antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, the reduced form of (GSH), peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Pretreatment with (0.5, 1, and 5 microM) protected aortic smooth muscle cells from oxidative and electrophilic cytotoxicity induced by xanthine oxidase (XO)/ H2O2, SIN-1-derived and acrolein. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19270193 | Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, Prough RA, Bhatnagar A: Glutathione-S-transferase P protects against endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):H1586-97. Epub 2009 Mar 6. Reactive constituents of cigarette smoke are metabolized and detoxified by glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). The P isoform of GST (GSTP), which catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic molecules in cigarette smoke such as acrolein, was expressed in high abundance in the mouse lung and aorta. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10352677 | Tjalkens RB, Luckey SW, Kroll DJ, Petersen DR: Alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes mediate inducible expression of glutathione S-transferase in hepatoma cells through activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;463:123-31. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10378479 | Monteil C, Le Prieur E, Buisson S, Morin JP, Guerbet M, Jouany JM: Acrolein toxicity: comparative in vitro study with lung slices and pneumocytes type II cell line from rats. Toxicology. 1999 Apr 15;133(2-3):129-38. This increase was concomitant with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRED) activities in L2 cells. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18367636 | Zhu H, Jia Z, Zhang L, Yamamoto M, Misra HP, Trush MA, Li Y: Antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in macrophages: regulation by Nrf2 signaling and protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Apr;233(4):463-74. As compared with wild-type cells, Nrf2 (- /-) macrophages were much more susceptible to cell injury induced by reactive / species, as well as two known macrophage toxins, acrolein and cadmium. Incubation of wild-type macrophages with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) led to significant induction of various antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including catalase, peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9240470 | Fukuda A, Nakamura Y, Ohigashi H, Osawa T, Uchida K: Cellular response to the redox active lipid peroxidation products: induction of glutathione S-transferase P by Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jul 18;236(2):505-9. To investigate the effect of lipid peroxidation products on the expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which catalyze the conjugation of reactive chemicals with and play an important role in protecting cells, normal rat liver epithelial cells (RL34) were exposed to a variety of aldehydic compounds. We found that the GST activity in RL34 cells was induced by alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, such as acrolein (1.3-fold), crotonaldehyde (1.3-fold), 4--2-hexenal (HHE) (1.4-fold), and (HNE) (1.7-fold). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20091025 | Mizukami S, Ichimura R, Kemmochi S, Taniai E, Shimamoto K, Ohishi T, Takahashi M, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M: Induction of GST-P-positive proliferative lesions facilitating lipid peroxidation with possible involvement of transferrin receptor up-regulation and ceruloplasmin down-regulation from the early stage of liver tumor promotion in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2010 Apr;84(4):319-31. Epub 2009 Dec 20. To elucidate the role of metal-related molecules in hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined immunolocalization of transferrin receptor (Tfrc), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and metallothionein (MT)-1/2 in relation to liver cell foci positive for glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) in the early stage of tumor promotion by fenbendazole (FB), phenobarbital, piperonyl butoxide or thioacetamide in a rat two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model. To estimate the involvement of oxidative stress responses to the promotion, immunolocalization of malondialdehyde and acrolein was similarly examined. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8721611 | Agostinelli E, Przybytkowski E, Averill-Bates DA: and cellular response to oxidation products. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20(5):649-56. appears to have a role in protecting cells against cytotoxicity attributed to -derived (s), most likely by conjugation in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase, whereas metabolism of via the cycle did not. did not protect cells against cytotoxicity induced by -derived (s), nor by the acrolein. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |