Protein Information

Name IL 8
Synonyms 3 10C; AMCF I; CXC chemokine ligand 8; CXCL 8; CXCL8; Emoctakin; GCP 1; GCP1…

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15650393 Valacchi G, Pagnin E, Phung A, Nardini M, Schock BC, Cross CE, van der Vliet A: Inhibition of NFkappaB activation and IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells by acrolein. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Jan-Feb;7(1-2):25-31.

Cell exposure to acrolein dose-dependently suppressed IL-8 mRNA levels in HBE1 cells (26, 40, and 79% at 5, 10, and 25 microM acrolein concentrations, respectively) and resulted in corresponding decreases in IL-8 production.
255(2,5,5,5) Details
11504702 Finkelstein EI, Nardini M, van der Vliet A: Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by acrolein: a mechanism of tobacco-related lung disease?. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):L732-9.

Acrolein (1--50 microM) was found to induce marked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB-203580 prevented acrolein-induced IL-8 release.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
18201443 Lee WK, Ramanathan M Jr, Spannhake EW, Lane AP: The cigarette smoke component acrolein inhibits expression of the innate immune components IL-8 and human beta-defensin 2 by sinonasal epithelial cells. Am J Rhinol. 2007 Nov-Dec;21(6):658-63.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
19286926 Moretto N, Facchinetti F, Southworth T, Civelli M, Singh D, Patacchini R: alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes contained in cigarette smoke elicit IL-8 release in pulmonary cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):L839-48. Epub 2009 Mar 13.

IL-8 release elicited by both acrolein and CSE was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
47(0,1,3,7) Details
16860297 Doyle M, Sexton KG, Jeffries H, Jaspers I: Atmospheric photochemical transformations enhance 1,3-butadiene-induced inflammatory responses in human epithelial cells: The role of ozone and other photochemical degradation products. Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Mar 20;166(1-3):163-9. Epub 2006 Jun 3.

Exposure to the photochemically generated products of BD (primarily acrolein, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, furan and ozone) induced significant increases in cytotoxicity, IL-8, and IL-6 gene expression compared to a synthetic mixture of primary products that was created by injecting the correct concentrations of the detected products from the irradiation experiments.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9154890 Mio T, Romberger DJ, Thompson AB, Robbins RA, Heires A, Rennard SI: Cigarette smoke induces interleukin-8 release from human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 May;155(5):1770-6.

Two major volatile factors in cigarette smoke, acrolein and acetaldehyde, augmented IL-8 release.
13(0,0,1,8) Details
17600310 Facchinetti F, Amadei F, Geppetti P, Tarantini F, Di Serio C, Dragotto A, Gigli PM, Catinella S, Civelli M, Patacchini R: Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from human macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007 Nov;37(5):617-23. Epub 2007 Jun 28.

By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) we show that acrolein and crotonaldehyde, two alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, are contained in aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) at micromolar concentrations and mimic CSE in evoking the release of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 and of the pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha from the human macrophagic cell line U937.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
20090409 Ott H, Baron JM, Heise R, Skazik C, Merk HF: Tacrolimus modulates dendritic cell activation in the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23(1):53-9. Epub 2010 Jan 14.


Quantitative PCR analysis was used to detect gene expression changes, particularly of interleukin (IL) 8, as an indicator of differential dendritic cell (DC) gene expression after sensitizer stimulation in the absence or presence of tacrolimus and betamethasone at two different concentrations.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15531432 Doyle M, Sexton KG, Jeffries H, Bridge K, Jaspers I: Effects of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and their photochemical degradation products on human lung cells. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov;112(15):1488-95.

Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicate the initial and major photochemical products produced during these experiments for BD are acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, and products for ISO are methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and formaldehyde; both formed < 200 ppb of ozone.
After exposure the cells were examined for cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression, as a marker for inflammation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18798499 Xu ZB, Feng YL, Xiao J, Tang YJ, Qiu T: [Interventions of enalapril on airway inflammation in rat models induced by acrolein]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Jul;39(4):583-7.

IL-8 and TNF-alpha in BALF were estimated by ELISA.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19135141 Spiekstra SW, Dos Santos GG, Scheper RJ, Gibbs S: Potential method to determine irritant potency in vitro - Comparison of two reconstructed epidermal culture models with different barrier competency. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Mar;23(2):349-55. Epub 2008 Dec 24.


Biomarkers IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-8 and MTT were assessed and EC (50) values determined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19464576 Liu DS, Liu WJ, Chen L, Ou XM, Wang T, Feng YL, Zhang SF, Xu D, Chen YJ, Wen FQ: Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, attenuates acrolein-induced airway mucus hypersecretion in rats. Toxicology. 2009 Jun 16;260(1-3):112-9. Epub 2009 Apr 5.

The expressions of Muc5ac protein and mRNA, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected with real-time PCR, Western blot, cell counting and ELISA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19524605 Python F, Goebel C, Aeby P: Comparative DNA microarray analysis of human monocyte derived dendritic cells and MUTZ-3 cells exposed to the moderate skin sensitizer cinnamaldehyde. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Sep 15;239(3):273-83. Epub 2009 Jun 12.


Several studies have recently demonstrated that sensitizers induce a relevant up-regulation of activation markers such as CD86, CD54, IL-8 or IL-1beta in human myeloid cell lines (e.g., U937, MUTZ-3, THP-1) or in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (PBMDCs).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17491020 Lambert C, Li J, Jonscher K, Yang TC, Reigan P, Quintana M, Harvey J, Freed BM: Acrolein inhibits cytokine gene expression by alkylating cysteine and arginine residues in the NF-kappaB1 DNA binding domain. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 6;282(27):19666-75. Epub 2007 May 9.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
18951912 Haberzettl P, Vladykovskaya E, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in acrolein-induced endothelial activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Jan 1;234(1):14-24. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

0(0,0,0,0) Details