| Name | NMDA receptors (protein family or complex) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor; Glutamate [NMDA] receptors; N methyl D aspartate receptor; N methyl D aspartate receptors; NMDA receptor; NMDA receptors |
| Name | chloralose |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9479671 | Haxhiu MA, Erokwu B, Dreshaj IA: The role of excitatory amino acids in airway reflex responses in anesthetized dogs. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997 Dec 11;67(3):192-9. Experiments were performed in chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated beagle dogs (n = 18), under hyperoxic, normocapnic, and normohydric conditions. Topical application or microinjection of NMDA receptor blockers, into the region of the ventrolateral medulla where airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons are located, insignificantly decreased the reflex changes in tracheal tone. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9915633 | Solomon IC: Activation of and non-NMDA receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla dilates the airways. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1998 Dec 11;74(2-3):169-74. We, therefore, examined the role played by ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors in the CVLM in the control of airway caliber in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7713805 | Nattie EE, Li A: Rat retrotrapezoid nucleus iono- and metabotropic glutamate receptors and the control of breathing. J Appl Physiol. 1995 Jan;78(1):153-63. The rats were chloralose-urethan anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, and ventilated, and each injection location was verified anatomically. The antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (which affects both and non-NMDA receptors) both decreased baseline eucapnic phrenic amplitude and the CO2 response. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9025104 | Hartell NA, Headley PM: NMDA-receptor contribution to spinal nociceptive reflexes: influence of stimulus parameters and of preparatory surgery. Neuropharmacology. 1996;35(11):1567-72. The contribution of NMDA receptors to nociceptive reflexes has been assessed both in awake rats and in electrophysiological tests on alpha-chloralose anaesthetized spinalized rats prepared with different degrees of surgery. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 10513605 | Chen SY, Chai CY: Non-NMDA receptors mediate both pressor and depressor actions of the cardiovascular-reactive areas in the brainstem of cats. Chin J Physiol. 1999 Jun 30;42(2):95-101. Cats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with a mixture of urethane (400 mg/kg) and alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg) and paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide (4 mg/kg, i.v. per hour). |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 15046733 | Oskutyte D, Ishizuka K, Satoh Y, Murakami T: Ionotropic NMDA receptor evokes an excitatory response in superior salivatory nucleus neurons in anaesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci. 2004 Feb 27;110(2):98-107. Extracellular recordings were taken from preganglionic superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) neurons projecting to submandibular and intra-lingual ganglia, in order to study the action of SSN neurons resulting from ionophoretic application of ionotropic NMDA receptor agonist in urethane-chloralose anaesthetized rats. |
87(1,1,1,7) | Details |
| 11353000 | Park SJ, Chiang CY, Hu JW, Sessle BJ: Neuroplasticity induced by tooth pulp stimulation in trigeminal subnucleus oralis involves NMDA receptor mechanisms. J Neurophysiol. 2001 May;85(5):1836-46. Since subnucleus oralis (Vo) as well as caudalis receives projections from molar pulp afferents and is also an integral brain stem relay of afferent input from orofacial structures, we tested whether MO application to the exposed pulp induces neuroplastic changes in oralis neurons and whether microinjection of MK-801, a noncompetitive antagonist, into the Vo influences the pulp/MO-induced neuroplastic changes in chloralose/urethan-anesthetized rats. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9043805 | Chen SY, Wu WC, Tseng CJ, Kuo JS, Chai CY: Involvement of non- and NMDA receptors in -induced pressor or depressor responses of the pons and medulla. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1997 Jan;24(1):46-56. Fifty-five intact and six baroreceptor denervated and vagotomized cats of either sex were anaesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane (400 mg/kg) and alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11832407 | Gee BY, Tjen-A-Looi SC, Hill JM, Chahal PS, Longhurst JC: Role of spinal and non-NMDA receptors in the pressor reflex response to abdominal ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Mar;282(3):R850-7. In chloralose-anesthetized cats, NMDA receptor blockade with 25.0 mM dl-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate did not alter the pressor reflex (33 +/- 9 to 33 +/- 7 mmHg, P > 0.05, n = 4), whereas AMPA receptor blockade with 4.0 mM 6-nitro-7-sulfamylbenzo (f) quinoxaline-2,3-dione significantly attenuated the reflex (29 +/- 5 to 16 +/- 4 mmHg, P < 0.05, n = 6). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7493609 | Berger I, Gillis RA, Vitagliano S, Panico WH, Magee S, Kelly M, Norman WP, McManigle JE, Taveira DaSilva AM: NMDA receptors are involved at the ventrolateral nucleus tractus solitarii for termination of inspiration. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Apr 24;277(2-3):195-208. This was done by microinjecting excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists into the ventrolateral nucleus of the tractus solitarius of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized animals while monitoring respiratory activity using a Fleisch pneumotachograph and arterial blood pressure and heart rate. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 9252236 | Chizh BA, Cumberbatch MJ, Herrero JF, Stirk GC, Headley PM: Stimulus intensity, cell excitation and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor component of sensory responses in the rat spinal cord in vivo. Neuroscience. 1997 Sep;80(1):251-65. The activity of dorsal horn wide dynamic range neurons was recorded extracellularly in alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized spinalized rats. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 17539896 | Shafton AD, Bogeski G, Kitchener PD, Sanger GJ, Furness JB, Shimizu Y: Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on visceromotor reflexes and on intestinal motility, in vivo. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007 Jul;19(7):617-24. Epub 2007 May 21. Rats were maintained under alpha-chloralose plus xylazine or pentobarbitone anaesthesia; VMR and jejunal motility were measured. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 15654849 | Mutolo D, Bongianni F, Nardone F, Pantaleo T: Respiratory responses evoked by blockades of ionotropic glutamate receptors within the Botzinger complex and the pre-Botzinger complex of the rabbit. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Jan;21(1):122-34. The respiratory role of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors within the Botzinger complex (BotC) and the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC) was investigated in alpha-chloralose-urethane anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rabbits by using bilateral microinjections (30-50 nL) of EAA receptor antagonists. Blockade of both and non-NMDA receptors by 50 mM (KYN) within the BotC induced a pattern of breathing characterized by low-amplitude, high-frequency irregular oscillations superimposed on tonic phrenic activity and successively the disappearance of respiratory rhythmicity in the presence of intense tonic inspiratory discharges (tonic apnea). |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 8149990 | McManigle JE, Taveira DaSilva AM, Dretchen KL, Gillis RA: Potentiation of MK-801-induced breathing impairment by 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo (F) quinoxaline. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Jan 24;252(1):11-7. The purpose of our study was to examine whether a significant interaction occurs between and non-NMDA receptor antagonists on respiratory function. For this purpose chloralose-anesthetized cats were used and respiratory minute volume (VE), tidal volume (Vt) respiratory rate (f), inspiratory and expiratory durations, and end tidal CO2 (FeCO2) were monitored. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 1361408 | Harris NC, Davies J: Cortically evoked excitatory synaptic transmission in the cat red nucleus is antagonised by D-AP5 but not by D-AP7. Brain Res. 1992 Oct 23;594(1):176-80. Extracellular recordings were made from magnocellular red nucleus neurons (mRN) in alpha-chloralose (50 mg/kg, iv.) anaesthetised cats. Iontophoretically applied excited the neuronal firing which was antagonised by 4 selective NMDA receptor antagonists: 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (AP5), 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (AP7), RS-4-(phosphonomethyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (PMPC) and R-4-(3-phosphonopropyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (CPP), whereas AMPA responses were uneffected. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 8739206 | Chizh BA, Headley PM: facilitates spinal nociceptive responses by potentiating NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Apr 11;300(3):183-9. The interaction of (TRH) with NMDA receptor-mediated responses has been investigated in alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized spinalized rats with respect to its relevance to spinal nociceptive transmission. |
84(1,1,1,4) | Details |
| 8405094 | Abrahams TP, Taveira DaSilva AM, Hamosh P, McManigle JE, Gillis RA: Cardiorespiratory effects produced by blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in cats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):223-33. For this purpose we administered an antagonist of both and non-NMDA receptors and an antagonist of the NMDA receptor complex (dizocilpine, more commonly known as MK-801) i.v. to chloralose-anesthetized cats while monitoring tracheal air flow, tidal volume, respiratory rate, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end tidal CO2, arterial blood pressure and heart rate. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 9815077 | Chen CY, Bonham AC: Non- and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to aortic baroreceptor neurons in NTS. Am J Physiol. 1998 Nov;275(5 Pt 2):H1695-706. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits, we recorded extracellular NTS neuronal responses to low-frequency aortic depressor nerve (ADN), vagus nerve, and AP stimulation and to iontophoresis of alpha-amino-3--5-methylisoxazole-4- and during control, iontophoresis of 2, 3-dihdroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo (f) quinoxaline (NBQX), DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), or both, and recovery conditions. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 14576197 | Li YF, Cornish KG, Patel KP: Alteration of NR1 receptors within the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats with heart failure. Circ Res. 2003 Nov 14;93(10):990-7. Epub 2003 Oct 23. Studies have shown that elicits excitatory effects on neurons in the PVN through the NMDA receptor. In alpha-chloralose and urethane anesthetized rats, microinjection of into the PVN (50 to 200 pmol) produced dose-dependent increases in renal sympathetic nerve discharge (RSND), arterial blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 8845137 | Hand GA, Ordway GA, Wilson LB: Microdialysis of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist into the L7 dorsal horn attenuates the pressor response to static muscle contraction but not passive stretch in cats. Exp Physiol. 1996 Mar;81(2):225-38. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during static contraction or passive stretch of the triceps surae muscle of chloralose-anaesthetized cats. Microdialysis of 2 mM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNX), a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, into the dorsal horn at the L7 spinal level attenuated the reflex pressor response to static contraction (2 h of dialysis: delta MAP = 23 +/- 5 mmHg, delta HR = 8 +/- 2 beats min-1). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9479666 | Wu WC, Kuo JS, Wang Y, Chai CY: increases arterial pressure and augments -induced pressor responses in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral medulla of cats. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997 Dec 11;67(3):145-55. Changes in SAP and VNA were recorded in 33 cats under alpha-chloralose and urethane anesthesia. Prior microinjection of the following antagonists blocked the Gly-induced pressor responses: 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (AP-5, 25 mM, 30 nl), a specific NMDA receptor antagonist; or diethyl ester (GDEE, 0.5 M, 30 nl), a quisqualate receptor antagonist; or (KYN, 10 mM, 30 nl), a broad spectrum competitive antagonist. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11877499 | Ambalavanar R, Purcell L, Miranda M, Evans F, Ludlow CL: Selective suppression of late laryngeal adductor responses by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade in the cat. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Mar;87(3):1252-62. The percent occurrence, amplitude, and conditioning of muscle responses to single superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimuli presented in pairs at interstimulus intervals of 250 ms were measured in three experiments: 1) animals that had ketamine as anesthetic premedication were compared with those who did not, when both were maintained under alpha-chloralose anesthesia. 2) The effects of administering ketamine in one group of animals were compared with increasing the depth of alpha-chloralose anesthesia without NMDA receptor blockade in another group of animals. 3) The effects of dextromethorphan (without anesthetic effects) were examined in another group of animals. |
66(0,2,2,6) | Details |
| 12194013 | Bongianni F, Mutolo D, Carfi M, Pantaleo T: Respiratory responses to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists in the ventral respiratory group of the rabbit. Pflugers Arch. 2002 Aug;444(5):602-9. Epub 2002 Jun 19. Selective excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists acting on either or non-NMDA receptors were microinjected (30-50 nl) bilaterally into different subregions of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) of alpha-chloralose-urethane anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rabbits. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 7913499 | Abrahams TP, Hornby PJ, Chen K, Dasilva AM, Gillis RA: The non- subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor plays the major role in control of cardiovascular function by the subretrofacial nucleus in cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Jul;270(1):424-32. This was done by microinjecting various EAA antagonists bilaterally into the SRFN of chloralose-anesthetized animals while monitoring BP and HR. To determine the subtype of EAA receptor responsible for eliciting tonic sympathetic outflow from the SRFN, specific antagonists of and non-NMDA EAA receptors were tested. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15705528 | Kaczynska K, Szereda-Przestaszewska M: Carotid sinus nerve section abolishes evoked respiratory effects in anaesthetised rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 Feb 15;145(2-3):127-34. Respiratory effects of injection into the right atrium were investigated in 11 urethane-chloralose anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing rats. In five rats the blockade of NMDA receptors with the selective antagonist (AP-7) was likewise efficient in eliminating the post- respiratory response. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 9871464 | McClean M, Chizh BA, Headley PM: Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on nociceptive responses in vivo: comparison of antagonists acting at the site with uncompetitive antagonists. Amino Acids. 1998;14(1-3):217-21. In electrophysiological tests in alpha-chloralose anaesthetised rats, these compounds reduced nociceptive reflex responses. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7690912 | Radhakrishnan V, Henry JL: Excitatory amino acid receptor mediation of sensory inputs to functionally identified dorsal horn neurons in cat spinal cord. Neuroscience. 1993 Jul;55(2):531-44. Extracellular single unit activity was recorded from functionally identified, spinal dorsal horn neurons in unanesthetized, decerebrated cats and in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. The tests included iontophoretic application of the (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and and also the intravenous administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7836189 | Solomon IC, Motekaitis AM, Wong MK, Kaufman MP: NMDA receptors in caudal ventrolateral medulla mediate reflex airway dilation arising from the hindlimb. J Appl Physiol. 1994 Oct;77(4):1697-704. Using chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we found that bilateral microinjections into the CVLM of either (+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (25 mM, 50 nl) or (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 mM, 50 nl), both of which block (NMDA) receptors, reversibly attenuated the decrease in total lung resistance that was evoked by either electrical stimulation of C-fibers in the sciatic nerve or by static contraction of both gastrocnemius muscles. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 7620709 | Farkas S, Ono H: Participation of and non- excitatory amino acid receptors in the mediation of spinal reflex potentials in rats: an in vivo study. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Mar;114(6):1193-205. The effect of various intravenously administered excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists on the dorsal root stimulation-evoked, short latency (up to 10 ms) spinal root reflex potentials of chloralose-urethane anaesthetized C1 spinal rats was studied, in order to gain information on the involvement of non- (AMPA/kainate; AMPA = alpha-amino-3--5-methyl-isoxazole-4- and (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors in their mediation. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 10193653 | Sivarao DV, Krowicki ZK, Abrahams TP, Hornby PJ: Vagally-regulated gastric motor activity: evidence for kainate and NMDA receptor mediation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Mar 5;368(2-3):173-82. Microinjections into the dorsal vagal complex were performed in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats using multi-barrelled glass micropipettes while recording intragastric pressure and motility. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 7740580 | Meng W, Tobin JR, Busija DW: -induced cerebral vasodilation is mediated by through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Stroke. 1995 May;26(5):857-62; discussion 863. METHODS: Newborn, chloralose-anesthetized pigs were equipped with a closed cranial window. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 7601210 | Schwarz M, Schmitt T, Pergande G, Block F: and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the depressant action of flupirtine on spinal reflexes in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Apr 4;276(3):247-55. In urethane-chloralose anesthetised rats the muscle relaxant activity of flupirtine was investigated on the monosynaptic Hoffmann reflex recorded from plantar foot muscles and on the polysynaptic flexor reflex recorded from tibialis muscle. Flupirtine produced a similar pattern on spinal reflexes as NMDA receptor antagonists, such as (-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (500 nmol i.t.) and memantine (125 mumol/kg i.p.), the benzodiazepines diazepam (18 mumol/kg i.p.) and midazolam (80 nmol i.t.), and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist tizanidine (2 mumol/kg). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16877560 | Li YF, Jackson KL, Stern JE, Rabeler B, Patel KP: Interaction between and systems in the integration of sympathetic outflow by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Dec;291(6):H2847-56. Epub 2006 Jul 28. In alpha-chloralose- and urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of and 50, 100, and 200 pmol) into the PVN produced dose-dependent increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate. These responses were blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7907982 | Kaube H, Goadsby PJ: Anti-migraine compounds fail to modulate the propagation of cortical spreading depression in the cat. Eur Neurol. 1994;34(1):30-5. In this study we attempted to further investigate the effects of DHE and other anti-migraine drugs on SD by measuring cortical blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry (CBFLDF) and cortical single unit activity in the alpha-chloralose-anaesthetised cat. The NMDA-receptor blocker MK-801 and halothane (1.5%) were used as reference substances that reliably block SD. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15020305 | Chianca DA Jr, Lin LH, Dragon DN, Talman WT: NMDA receptors in nucleus tractus solitarii are linked to soluble guanylate cyclase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Apr;286(4):H1521-7. In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with chloralose, the ionotropic receptor agonists and dl-alpha-amino-3--5-methylisoxazole- (AMPA) and the metabotropic receptor agonist trans-dl-amino-1,3-cyclopentane-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) were microinjected into the NTS before and after microinjection of sGC inhibitors at the same site. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10338304 | Storer RJ, Goadsby PJ: Trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission involves and non- glutamate receptors. Neuroscience. 1999;90(4):1371-6. Intravenous injection of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (4 mg/kg, i.v.), resulted in a substantial and prolonged blockade of firing of units in the trigeminocervical complex. Cats were anaesthetized (60 mg/kg alpha-chloralose, i.p., along with halothane for all surgical procedures) and prepared for physiological monitoring. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10536265 | Chen J, Li H, Luo C, Li Z, Zheng J: Involvement of peripheral and non-NMDA receptors in development of persistent firing of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons induced by subcutaneous bee venom injection in the cat. Brain Res. 1999 Oct 9;844(1-2):98-105. To study the roles of peripheral excitatory amino acids receptor subtypes and non-NMDA receptors in persistent nociception, extracellular single unit recording technique was used to assess the effects of a single dose and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, AP (5) (5-aminophosphonovaleric acid) and CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) or DNQX (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), on s.c. bee venom-induced increase in firing of wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the urethane-chloralose anesthetized cats. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 1834008 | Chen M, Bullock R, Graham DI, Frey P, Lowe D, McCulloch J: Evaluation of a competitive antagonist (D-CPPene) in feline focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol. 1991 Jul;30(1):62-70. The effects of a competitive, (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D (-) E-4-(3-phosphonoprop-2-enyl)-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (D-CPPene), on the volume of ischemic brain damage was assessed by quantitative histological study in 35 chloralose-anesthetized cats. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7552339 | Wong MK, Hill JM, Kaufman MP: Pressor responses to stimulation of non-NMDA receptors in the superficial laminae of the cat spinal cord. Brain Res. 1995 Jun 12;683(1):149-52. Microinjection of (109 mM; 12-18 nl) or AMPA (150-300 microM; 12 nl) into the superficial laminae of the L7 dorsal horn of decerebrate or chloralose anesthetized cats significantly increased mean arterial pressure. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 8101136 | Koyama S, Katayama Y, Maejima S, Hirayama T, Fujii M, Tsubokawa T: Thalamic neuronal hyperactivity following transection of the spinothalamic tract in the cat: involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Brain Res. 1993 May 28;612(1-2):345-50. Single neuron activities responding to peripheral stimuli with short latencies were recorded within the thalamic nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) after transection of the spinothalamic tract (STT) in the cat under alpha-chloralose anesthesia. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 14596844 | Madden CJ, Morrison SF: Excitatory amino acid receptor activation in the raphe pallidus area mediates prostaglandin-evoked thermogenesis. Neuroscience. 2003;122(1):5-15. To investigate the role of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission within the rostral raphe pallidus area (RPa) in thermogenic and cardiovascular responses, changes in sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT), BAT temperature, expired CO (2), arterial pressure, and heart rate were recorded after microinjection of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor agonists into the RPa in urethan-chloralose-anesthetized, ventilated rats. Blockade of either (NMDA) receptors or non-NMDA receptors alone resulted in marked attenuations of the (2)-evoked effects on all of the measured variables. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1579219 | Roussel S, Pinard E, Seylaz J: The acute effects of MK-801 on cerebral blood flow and tissue partial pressures of and in conscious and alpha-chloralose anaesthetized rats. Neuroscience. 1992;47(4):959-65. The dynamic effects of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo (a,d) cyclohepten-5,10-imine] , on cerebral blood flow and tissue partial pressures of and were investigated in the striatal and occipital regions of conscious and anaesthetized rats by mass spectrometry. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7582497 | Chizh BA, Cumberbatch MJ, Birch PJ, Headley PM: Endogenous modulation of excitatory amino acid responsiveness by tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors in the rat spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Jul;115(6):1013-9. They provide further support for the hypothesis that release of endogenous NKs acting on NK1 and NK2 receptors can promote NMDA receptor mediated glutamatergic transmission. The effects of selective tachykinin (neurokinin, NK) NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists have been examined on spinal neurones in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized, spinalized rats. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16914666 | Gsell W, Burke M, Wiedermann D, Bonvento G, Silva AC, Dauphin F, Buhrle C, Hoehn M, Schwindt W: Differential effects of and AMPA glutamate receptors on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals and evoked neuronal activity during forepaw stimulation of the rat. J Neurosci. 2006 Aug 16;26(33):8409-16. To investigate the role of the two major ionotropic glutamate receptors [NMDA receptors -Rs) and AMPA receptors (AMPA-Rs)] for the generation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we used fMRI [measurements of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and cerebral blood volume (CBV)] together with recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during electrical forepaw stimulation in the alpha-chloralose anesthetized rat. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 8183435 | Chizh BA, Headley PM: (TRH)-induced facilitation of spinal neurotransmission: a role for NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology. 1994 Jan;33(1):115-21. We have investigated the relationship between TRH and NMDA receptors in the spinal cord of alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized spinalized rats. |
10(0,0,1,5) | Details |
| 15008957 | Wu WC, Chai CY: release in the nucleus tractus solitarius during and after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 Mar;31(3):152-8. Twenty-three adult cats were anaesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane (400 mg/kg) and alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11695702 | Furukawa N, Hatano M, Fukuda H: Glutaminergic vagal afferents may mediate both retching and gastric adaptive relaxation in dogs. Auton Neurosci. 2001 Oct 8;93(1-2):21-30. We previously reported that intra-4th-ventricular (i.4th.v.) administration of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, NBQX, abolished vagally induced retching. Ketamine and thiopental- or chloralose-anesthetized dogs were decerebrated, and the dorsal surface of the medulla was exposed. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18385465 | Kleiber AC, Zheng H, Schultz HD, Peuler JD, Patel KP: Exercise training normalizes enhanced -mediated sympathetic activation from the PVN in heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Jun;294(6):R1863-72. Epub 2008 Apr 2. We hypothesized that ExT would normalize the augmented glutamatergic mechanisms mediated by (NMDA) receptors within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that occur with HF. In alpha-chloralose-urethane-anesthetized rats, the increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to the highest dose of (200 pmol) injected into the PVN in the HF Sed group was approximately twice that of the Sham Sed group. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7910435 | Saleh TM, Cechetto DF: Neurotransmitters in the parabrachial nucleus mediating visceral input to the thalamus in rats. Am J Physiol. 1994 Apr;266(4 Pt 2):R1287-96. These results suggest that the relay of visceral afferent sensory information through the PB is mediated by NMDA receptors and that alpha 2 and GABAA receptors contribute to the tonic activity of ventral basal thalamic neurons receiving visceral input. Male Wistar rats (n = 39) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and alpha-chloralose, ventilated, and blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored. |
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| 7582496 | Cumberbatch MJ, Chizh BA, Headley PM: Modulation of excitatory amino acid responses by tachykinins and selective tachykinin receptor agonists in the rat spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Jul;115(6):1005-12. This indicates that NK-EAA interactions can be more specific than suggested hitherto, with the combined actions at NKI and NK2 receptors biasing EAA responsiveness towards NMDA receptor mediated functions, whereas NK3 receptor activation would have the opposite effect. The agonists were applied by microiontophoresis in in vivo experiments in alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized, spinalized rats. 2. |
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| 16733059 | Cao WH, Morrison SF: Glutamate receptors in the raphe pallidus mediate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by activation of dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Sep;51(3):426-37. Epub 2006 May 30. We determined the role of glutamate receptor activation in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) in mediating the sympathoexcitatory responses in HR, BAT SNA and RSNA following disinhibition of DMH neurons in urethane/chloralose anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. Microinjections of either the selective NMDA receptor agonist, or the selective non-NMDA receptor agonist, kainic acid (KA), into the RPa produced increases in BAT SNA (peak: + 502% and + 408% of control, respectively) and BAT temperature (peak: + 0.6 degrees C and + 1.0 degrees C) accompanied by rises in HR (peak: + 38 and + 63 bpm), RSNA (peak: + 57% and + 58% of control) and MAP (peak: + 12 and 15 mmHg). |
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| 8421957 | McCulloch J, Ozyurt E, Park CK, Nehls DG, Teasdale GM, Graham DI: Glutamate receptor antagonists in experimental focal cerebral ischaemia. . Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1993;57:73-9. The increasing evidence that NMDA receptor antagonists are beneficial in experimental focal cerebral ischaemia is reviewed. In chloralose-anaesthetised cats, focal cerebral ischaemia was produced by permanent occlusion of one middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the animal sacrificed 6 hours later. |
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| 9121816 | Sorkin LS, Puig S: Neuronal model of tactile allodynia produced by spinal strychnine: effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists and a mu-opiate receptor agonist. Pain. 1996 Dec;68(2-3):283-92. In this study, we sought to characterize the effect of focal glycine-receptor inhibition on spontaneous and evoked activity in dorsal horn neurons of the chloralose-anesthetized cat. Subsequent co-administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP-7, 2.0 mM) preferentially blocked strychnine-associated effects without changing the original receptive field characteristics. |
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| 10448547 | Kaube H, Knight YE, Storer RJ, Hoskin KL, May A, Goadsby PJ: Vasodilator agents and supracollicular transection fail to inhibit cortical spreading depression in the cat. Cephalalgia. 1999 Jul;19(6):592-7. In the experimental animal, CSD is an electrophysiological phenomenon mainly mediated via NMDA receptors. In this study, CSD was elicited in alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats by cortical needle stab injury and monitored by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. |
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| 9766836 | Sorkin LS, Puig S, Jones DL: Spinal bicuculline produces hypersensitivity of dorsal horn neurons: effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists. Pain. 1998 Aug;77(2):181-90. In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of focal (A) receptor antagonism on spontaneous and evoked activity in dorsal horn neurons of the alpha-chloralose anesthetized cat. Subsequent co-administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP-7, 2.0 mM) was without any apparent effect on either basal or bicuculline-enhanced responses. |
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| 7820596 | Zanzinger J, Czachurski J, Offner B, Seller H: Somato-sympathetic reflex transmission in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata: spatial organization and receptor types. Brain Res. 1994 Sep 12;656(2):353-8. We studied the properties of somato-sympathetic excitatory reflex transmission in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of baroreceptor-denervated and vagotomized chloralose-anesthetized cats. Similar effects were obtained by microinjection (RVLM) of the antagonist (5 x 10 (-3) M, n = 7) and the specific non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX (4 x 10 (-3) M, n = 4) which, however, blocked the supraspinal reflex less effectively. |
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| 12106256 | Schaible HG, Grubb BD, Neugebauer V, Oppmann M: The Effects of Antagonists on Neuronal Activity in Cat Spinal Cord Evoked by Acute Inflammation in the Knee Joint. Eur J Neurosci. 1991;3(10):981-991. These results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved in the enhanced responses and basal activity of spinal neurons induced by inflammation in the periphery. In alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized, spinalized cats we examined the effects of antagonists on the discharges of 71 spinal neurons which had afferent input from the knee joint. |
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