Protein Information

Name alpha 2 adrenergic
Synonyms Alpha 2A Adrenoceptor; ZNF32; ADRA2; ADRA2A; ADRA2R; ADRAR; ALPHA2AAR; Alpha 2A adrenergic receptor…

Compound Information

Name chloralose
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1592318 Sato C, Tamagawa M, Suzuki T, Murayama S: [Effects of adrenergic drugs injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius region on the baroreceptor reflex in rabbits]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1992 May;99(5):353-62.

Rabbits anesthetized with chloralose-urethane were injected with an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, such as noradrenaline, phenylephrine or clonidine, into the NTS.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
9680249 Bootle DJ, Adcock JJ, Ramage AG: The role of central 5-HT receptors in the bronchoconstriction evoked by inhaled capsaicin in anaesthetised guinea-pigs. Neuropharmacology. 1998;37(2):243-50.

The effects of intracisternal (i.c) injections of the 5-HT1A receptor agonists, buspirone and 8-OH-DPAT, and the antagonists WAY-100635; and (-)-pindolol, the 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist sumatriptan and antagonist GR127935, the 5-HT2 receptor agonist DOI and the antagonist cinanserin, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron, the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine and the antagonist idazoxan, the D2 receptor antagonists (-)-sulpiride and the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on capsaicin-evoked increase in tracheal inflation pressure (bronchoconstriction) were investigated in alpha-chloralose anaesthetised, neuromuscularly blocked, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
12020848 Okada S, Murakami Y, Yokotani K: Centrally applied nitric oxide donor elevates plasma corticosterone by activation of the hypothalamic noradrenergic neurons in rats. Brain Res. 2002 Jun 7;939(1-2):26-33.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms involved in a nitric oxide donor [3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1)]-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in urethane- and alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats.
Pretreatment with phentolamine (250 microg/animal, i.c.v.), an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, attenuated the elevation of plasma corticosterone evoked by SIN-1, but sotalol (300 microg/animal, i.c.v.), a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, was without effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8623959 Lawrence CJ, Prinzen FW, de Lange S: The effect of dexmedetomidine on the balance of myocardial energy requirement and oxygen supply and demand. Anesth Analg. 1996 Mar;82(3):544-50.

The effect of the alpha (2)-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine on the balance between myocardial energy requirement and oxygen supply and demand was investigated in 16 open-chest dogs anesthetized with either chloralose/urethane (CU) or fentanyl/halothane (FH).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
1362732 Ockert DM, Czachurski J, Dembowsky K, Seller H: Central action of alpha-adrenoceptor agents on the baroreceptor reflex. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1992 Nov;41(1-2):93-101.

In chloralose-anaesthetized cats the effects of intravenous application of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonistic and antagonistic agents methoxamine, prazosin, B-HT 933 and rauwolscine were tested on baroreceptor reflex, sympathetic background activity and blood pressure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15719859 Willigers HM, Prinzen FW, Roekaerts PM: Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and esmolol on myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004 Dec;21(12):957-66.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The beta-adrenergic blocker esmolol and the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine have the potential to decrease perioperative myocardial ischaemia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10375164 Takata Y, Kurihara J, Suzuki S, Okubo Y, Kato H: A rabbit model for evaluation of chlorpromazine-induced orthostatic hypotension. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 May;22(5):457-62.

In addition, the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking effect of chlorpromazine was investigated in isolated rabbit aorta and saphenous vein in comparison with prazosin.
Chlorpromazine (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) potentiated significantly a decrease in mean blood pressure at 1 min after the onset of head-up tilt in rabbits anesthetized with urethane alone, urethane+alpha-chloralose or nitrous oxide alone, but not in conscious and morphine+urethane+alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7806777 Buntzen S, Nordgren S, Delbro D, Hulten L: Anal and rectal motility responses to distension of the urinary bladder in the cat. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1994 Nov;49(3):261-8.

The neural pathways and possible transmission mechanisms of the integrated autonomic nervous control of the urinary bladder and anorectum, were investigated in chloralose anaesthetized cats.
Bladder distension and spontaneous detrusor contractions increased internal anal sphincter-tone, a response which was blocked by an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7601210 Schwarz M, Schmitt T, Pergande G, Block F: N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the depressant action of flupirtine on spinal reflexes in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Apr 4;276(3):247-55.

In urethane-chloralose anesthetised rats the muscle relaxant activity of flupirtine was investigated on the monosynaptic Hoffmann reflex recorded from plantar foot muscles and on the polysynaptic flexor reflex recorded from tibialis muscle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1350625 Abdelrahman A, Wang YX, Pang CC: Effects of anaesthetic agents on pressor response to beta-blockers in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;44(1):34-8.

It has been shown that paradoxical pressor response to a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist occurs in conscious rats pretreated with an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist.
In the second series of experiments, a single i.v. bolus dose of propranolol was given in phentolamine-treated rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, amobarbitone, ketamine or chloralose.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1656703 Jonson C, Hamlet A, Fandriks L: Hypovolaemia inhibits acid-induced alkaline transport in the rat duodenum via an alpha-2 adrenergic mechanism. Acta Physiol Scand. 1991 Jul;142(3):367-73.

Duodenal HCO3- secretion was measured by in-situ titration in chloralose-anaesthetized rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1668171 Ibricevic H, Heyeraas KJ, Pasic Juhas E, Hamamdzic M, Djordjevic N, Krnic J: Identification of alpha 2 adrenoceptors in the blood vessels of the dental pulp. Int Endod J. 1991 Nov;24(6):279-89.

In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs, intra-arterial administration of noradrenaline and guanabenz in different doses produced a dose-related pulpal vasoconstriction which was measured using hydrogen-gas clearance.
The vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline was inhibited by phentolamine, a non-selective alpha adrenoceptor antagonist.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8570915 Hedrick MS, Ryan ML, Bisgard GE: Recurrent laryngeal nerve activation by alpha 2 adrenergic agonists in goats. Respir Physiol. 1995 Aug;101(2):129-37.

Activities of phrenic (Phr) and recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) were recorded in response to the alpha 2 agonists clonidine (0.5-3.0 microgram.kg-1 i.v.) or guanabenz (7.0-20.0 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.) in ten chloralose-anesthetized goats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10415940 Haxhiu MA, Dreshaj IA, McFadden CB, Erokwu BO, Ernsberger P: Moxonidine acting centrally inhibits airway reflex responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Jun 21;881:372-82.

Experiments were performed in either alpha-chloralose anesthetized or decorticate, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated beagle dogs.
These effects were dose dependent and were significantly reversed by efaroxan (an I1-IR and alpha 2-adrenergic blocker) administered via the vertebral artery.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7910435 Saleh TM, Cechetto DF: Neurotransmitters in the parabrachial nucleus mediating visceral input to the thalamus in rats. Am J Physiol. 1994 Apr;266(4 Pt 2):R1287-96.


Male Wistar rats (n = 39) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and alpha-chloralose, ventilated, and blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9375565 Yasui T, Karita K, Izumi H, Tamai M: Correlation between vasodilatation and secretion in the lacrimal gland elicited by stimulation of the cornea and facial nerve root of the cat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Nov;38(12):2476-82.


METHODS: Electrical stimulation of the cornea or facial nerve root was used to evoke a blood flow increase in the lacrimal gland and tear secretion of the urethane-chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and cervically sympathectomized cat.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9729568 O'Halloran KD, Janssen PL, Bisgard GE: Dopaminergic modulation of respiratory motor output in peripherally chemodenervated goats. J Appl Physiol. 1998 Sep;85(3):946-54.


We examined the ventilatory effects of exogenous dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) administration in chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated adult goats before and after carotid body denervation (CBD).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8942579 Lawrence CJ, Prinzen FW, de Lange S: The effect of dexmedetomidine on nutrient organ blood flow. Anesth Analg. 1996 Dec;83(6):1160-5.


Studies were conducted in 14 dogs with an open chest and anesthetized with either chloralose/urethane (CU) or fentanyl/halothane (FH), to create different baseline conditions.
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