Protein Information

Name peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
Synonyms HUMPPARG; PAX8/PPARG fusion gene; NR1C3; PPAR gamma; PPAR gamma2; PPARG; PPARG 1; PPARG 2…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15980055 Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Riccardi L, Morelli A, Pruzanski M, Pellicciari R: Cross-talk between farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma contributes to the antifibrotic activity of FXR ligands in rodent models of liver cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2009 Dec 9.

Here, we investigated whether FXR ligands regulate PPARgamma expression in HSCs and models of liver fibrosis induced in rats by porcine serum and carbon tetrachloride administration and bile duct ligation.
45(0,1,2,10) Details
17143554 Da Silva Morais A, Abarca-Quinones J, Horsmans Y, Starkel P, Leclercq IA: Peroxisome proliferated-activated receptor gamma ligand, Pioglitazone, does not prevent hepatic fibrosis in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Feb;73(2):399-409. Epub 2007 Nov 15.


Based on studies in rats, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been suggested to play a key role in the control of HSC activation.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
15876570 Planaguma A, Claria J, Miquel R, Lopez-Parra M, Titos E, Masferrer JL, Arroyo V, Rodes J: The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor SC-236 reduces liver fibrosis by mechanisms involving non-parenchymal cell apoptosis and PPARgamma activation. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2006 Nov;48(5):297-305.

In this study, we tested the effects of SC-236, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
19843474 Mann J, Chu DC, Maxwell A, Oakley F, Zhu NL, Tsukamoto H, Mann DA: MeCP2 controls an epigenetic pathway that promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2010 Feb;138(2):705-14

We investigated epigenetic regulation of PPARgamma and myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
MeCP2 (-/y) mice and an inhibitor (DZNep) of the epigenetic regulatory protein EZH2 were used in the carbon tetrachloride model of liver fibrosis.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
20162732 Park JK, Ki MR, Lee HR, Hong IH, Ji AR, Ishigami A, Park SI, Kim JM, Chung HY, Yoo SE, Jeong KS: Vitamin C deficiency attenuates liver fibrosis by way of up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression in senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice. 714.e1-4. Epub 2009 Oct 17.

We demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced liver fibrosis and the nuclear translocation of p-Smad2/3, the immediate downstream of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), were significantly inhibited in the liver of SMP30 KO mice compared with wildtype (WT) mice.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18006644 Fu Y, Zheng S, Lin J, Ryerse J, Chen A: Curcumin protects the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis by attenuating oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation. Gut. 2006 Jul;55(7):1020-9. Epub 2006 Feb 16.

We previously demonstrated that curcumin, a polyphenolic antioxidant purified from turmeric, up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma gene expression and stimulated its signaling, leading to the inhibition of activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro.
The current study evaluates the in vivo role of curcumin in protecting the liver against injury and fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) in rats and further explores the underlying mechanisms.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16484506 Leclercq IA, Sempoux C, Starkel P, Horsmans Y: Limited therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone on progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats. FASEB J. 2006 Dec;20(14):2537-9. Epub 2006 Oct 20.

AIM: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists have been shown to prevent hepatic fibrosis in rodents.
METHODS: Repeated injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a choline deficient diet, or bile duct ligation (BDL) were used to induce hepatic fibrosis in rats.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15959796 Orfila C, Lepert JC, Alric L, Carrera G, Beraud M, Pipy B: Immunohistochemical distribution of activated nuclear factor kappaB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Oct;315(1):58-68. Epub 2005 Jun 24.

After CCl4 ingestion, the rat livers demonstrated a significantly decreased number of hepatocytes expressing PPARalpha and PPARgamma and a significantly increased number of ED2-positive Kupffer cells expressing these transcription factors, compared to normal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15052691 Yuan GJ, Zhang ML, Gong ZJ: Effects of PPARg agonist pioglitazone on rat hepatic fibrosis. . FASEB J. 2005 Jul;19(9):1120-2. Epub 2005 May 4.

CONCLUSION: PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone greatly retards the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl (4) through inhibition of HSC activation and amelioration of hepatocyte necroinflammation in rats.
METHODS: Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17056761 Gonzalez-Periz A, Planaguma A, Gronert K, Miquel R, Lopez-Parra M, Titos E, Horrillo R, Ferre N, Deulofeu R, Arroyo V, Rodes J, Claria J: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) blunts liver injury by conversion to protective lipid mediators: protectin D1 and 17S-hydroxy-DHA. Histochem Cell Biol. 2005 Jun;123(6):585-93. Epub 2005 Jun 15.

In a transactivation assay, 17-HDHA acted in a concentration-dependent manner as a PPARgamma agonist.
In vivo, dietary supplementation of mice with DHA ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced necroinflammatory damage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17132917 Lee KS: [Hepatic fibrogenesis] . Int J Mol Med. 2007 Jan;19(1):105-12.


Many kinds of factors such as oxidative stress, acetaldehyde, ascorbic acid, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been reported to activate HSC and stimulate collagen gene expression.
0(0,0,0,0) Details