Protein Information

Name NMDA receptor (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Glutamate [NMDA] receptor; Glutamate [NMDA] receptors; N methyl D aspartate receptor; N methyl D aspartate receptors; NMDA receptor; NMDA receptors

Compound Information

Name lindane
CAS (1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1280523 Tusell JM, Vendrell M, Serratosa J, Trullas R: Lindane-induced convulsions in NMRI and OF1 mice: antagonism with (+) MK-801 and voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers. Brain Res. 1992 Oct 16;593(2):209-14.

The convulsant profile of lindane was investigated in OF1 and NMRI mice lines in relation to other convulsants acting at the GABAA and NMDA receptor complexes.
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9553992 Blaszczak P, Turski WA: Excitatory amino acid antagonists alleviate convulsive and toxic properties of lindane in mice. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1998 Mar;82(3):137-41.

The following excitatory amino acid antagonists were studied for their protective action in mice intoxicated with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane): the competitive NMDA antagonist: 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl) propenyl-1- phosphonic acid (D-CPPene, 20 mg/kg), the non-competitive NMDA antagonist: dizocilpine (MK-801, 0.4 mg/kg), the glycine site antagonist of NMDA receptor: 2-phenyl-1,3-propane-diol dicarbamate (felbamate, 400 mg/kg) and the competitive AMPA antagonist: 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo (F) quinoxaline (NBQX, 100 mg/kg).
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1382176 Vendrell M, Pujol MJ, Tusell JM, Serratosa J: Effect of different convulsants on calmodulin levels and proto-oncogene c-fos expression in the central nervous system. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Aug;14(4):285-92.


In the present study, a relationship between convulsant activity and two cellular events, changes in calmodulin (CaM) concentration and proto-oncogene c-fos expression has been considered. c-fos has been found activated after the administration of the organochlorine insecticide lindane, the Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).
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19776659 Hrncic D, Rasic-Markovic A, Susic V, Djuric D, Stanojlovic O: Influence of NR2B-selective NMDA antagonist on lindane-induced seizures in rats. Pharmacology. 2009;84(4):234-9. Epub 2009 Sep 17.

These results indicate that ifenprodil alleviates behavioral seizures and modifies EEG characteristics of lindane seizures in rats, thus showing the involvement of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit in the mechanisms of lindane convulsions.
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18834901 Toscano CD, Kingsley PJ, Marnett LJ, Bosetti F: NMDA-induced seizure intensity is enhanced in COX-2 deficient mice. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Nov;29(6):1114-20. Epub 2008 Sep 11.

To further understand the involvement of COX-2 in regulating susceptibility to excitotoxicity, we investigated the effect of COX-2 deletion on excitotoxicity induced by peripheral injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, a specific agonist of the NMDA receptors) or lindane (a GABA (A) receptor antagonist).
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