Protein Information

Name choline acetyltransferase
Synonyms CHAT; CHOACTase; CLAT; CMS1A; CMS1A2; ChAT; Choline O acetyltransferase; Choline acetylase…

Compound Information

Name nicotine
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20309727 Jamal M, Ameno K, Miki T, Tanaka N, Ohkubo E, Kinoshita H: Effects of Systemic Nicotine, Alcohol or Their Combination on Cholinergic Markers in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Rat. Neurochem Res. 2010 Mar 23.

The present study extends that finding by examining the effects of nicotine (Nic), Alc, and their combination on ChAT and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rat.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
20147892 Ray R, Mitra N, Baldwin D, Guo M, Patterson F, Heitjan DF, Jepson C, Wileyto EP, Wei J, Payne T, Ma JZ, Li MD, Lerman C: Convergent Evidence that Choline Acetyltransferase Gene Variation is Associated with Prospective Smoking Cessation and Nicotine Dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Feb 10.

We conducted a systems-based genetic association analysis in a sample of 472 treatment-seeking smokers of European ancestry after 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine therapy for smoking cessation.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
19433841 Goodyear-Smith F, Arroll B, Coupe N: Asking for help is helpful: validation of a brief lifestyle and mood assessment tool in primary health care. Ann Fam Med. 2009 May-Jun;7(3):239-44.

PURPOSE: The short, validated, self-administered, Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool (CHAT) for lifestyle and mental health assessment of adult patients in primary health care addresses inactivity, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug misuse, problem gambling, depression, anxiety and stress, abuse, and anger problems.
RESULTS: Sensitivity ranged from 80% to 98% for the more-common conditions (depression, nicotine dependency, anxiety, problematic drinking).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19962381 Kakinuma Y, Furihata M, Akiyama T, Arikawa M, Handa T, Katare RG, Sato T: Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor against Alzheimer's dementia, promotes angiogenesis in an ischemic hindlimb model. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010 Apr;48(4):680-93. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

Donepezil concomitantly elevated VEGF expression in intracardiac endothelial cells of WT and alpha7 KO and further increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) protein expression, which is critical for ACh synthesis in endothelial cells.
ACh and nicotine upregulated signal transduction with acceleration of tube formation, suggesting that donepezil promotes a common angiogenesis pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19465085 Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Lima CS, Medeiros AH, Siqueira NR, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC, Abreu-Villaca Y: Combined exposure to nicotine and ethanol in adolescent mice: effects on the central cholinergic systems during short and long term withdrawal. Neuroscience. 2009 Sep 15;162(4):1174-86. Epub 2009 May 22.

We assessed nAChR binding, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and [(3) H] hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) binding in the cerebral cortex and midbrain of mice at short (PN50) and long term (PN75) withdrawal.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19625132 Wang Y, Ge X, Xu XF, Wang XJ: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for nicotine-induced periodontal disease. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Oct;73(4):604-5. Epub 2009 Jul 21.

These components include acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19097990 Fu XW, Lindstrom J, Spindel ER: Nicotine activates and up-regulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Jul;41(1):93-9. Epub 2008 Dec 18.

Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) express choline acetyltransferase, the choline high-affinity transporter and nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) subunits.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20060019 Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC: Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system. Behav Brain Res. 2010 Jan 6.

In the current review, we focus on the developmental aspects associated with major components of the cholinergic system: Acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, high-affinity choline transporter, acetylcholinesterase, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
It will be noticed that evidence regarding the developmental aspects of the cholinergic system comes mostly from studies that used agonists, such as nicotine, and antagonists, such as hemicholinium-3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19720621 Zhao-Shea R, Cohen BN, Just H, McClure-Begley T, Whiteaker P, Grady SR, Salminen O, Gardner PD, Lester HA, Tapper AR: Dopamine D2-receptor activation elicits akinesia, rigidity, catalepsy, and tremor in mice expressing hypersensitive {alpha}4 nicotinic receptors via a cholinergic-dependent mechanism. FASEB J. 2010 Jan;24(1):49-57. Epub 2009 Aug 31.


Highlighting the importance of the cholinergic system in this mouse model, inhibiting the effects of ACh by blocking muscarinic receptors, or by selectively activating hypersensitive nAChRs with nicotine, rescued motor symptoms.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19913076 Slotkin TA, Ryde IT, Seidler FJ: Additive and synergistic effects of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone exposure on cholinergic synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood: Implications for the adverse consequences of maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm delivery. Brain Res Bull. 2010 Apr 5;81(6):552-60. Epub 2009 Nov 11.

In general, nicotine and dexamethasone, alone or in combination, produced regionally-selective increases or decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity but larger, consistent elevations in hemicholinium-3 and nicotinic ACh receptor binding; the patterns were indicative of ACh synaptic hyperactivity.
32(0,1,1,2) Details