Protein Information

Name estrogen receptors
Synonyms ER; ERA; ER alpha; ERalpha; ESR; ESR 1; ESR1; ESRA…

Compound Information

Name HCH
CAS 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15253041 Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I: Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 May;46(4):445-53.


Estrogenic activities of 20 selected pesticides-which are used for agricultural production as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides-were examined by estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent MCF-7 cell proliferation assay.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
18992306 Li J, Li N, Ma M, Giesy JP, Wang Z: In vitro profiling of the endocrine disrupting potency of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Dec 15;183(1-3):65-71. Epub 2008 Oct 17.


Aspects of neuro-endocrine system modulation include interactions such as agonism or antagonism of estrogen receptor (ER) binding.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12948864 Zou E, Matsumura F: Long-term exposure to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) promotes transformation and invasiveness of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 1;66(5):831-40.


Additionally, beta-HCH has recently been identified as an environmental estrogen capable of activating estrogen receptor (ER) through a ligand-independent pathway.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20206645 Silva E, Kabil A, Kortenkamp A: Cross-talk between non-genomic and genomic signalling pathways - Distinct effect profiles of environmental estrogens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 4.


Estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional cross-talk after activation by 17beta-estradiol (E2) has been studied in considerable detail, but comparatively little is known about the ways in which synthetic estrogen-like chemicals, so-called xenoestrogens, interfere with these signalling pathways.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16242299 Wong PS, Matsumura F: Serum free BG-1 cell proliferation assay: a sensitive method for determining organochlorine pesticide estrogen receptor activation at the nanomolar range. Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Apr;20(3):382-94. Epub 2005 Oct 19.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
11872169 Lee HS, Miyauchi K, Nagata Y, Fukuda R, Sasagawa S, Endoh H, Kato S, Horiuchi H, Takagi M, Ohta A: Employment of the human estrogen receptor beta ligand-binding domain and co-activator SRC1 nuclear receptor-binding domain for the construction of a yeast two-hybrid detection system for endocrine disrupters. J Biochem. 2002 Mar;131(3):399-405.


We constructed two-hybrid systems that co-express the Gal4p DNA binding domain/ligand-binding domain of human estrogen receptor (hER) alpha or beta and the Gal4p transactivation domain/nuclear receptor-binding domain of co-activator SRC1, TIF2, or AIB1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a chromosome-integrated lacZ reporter gene under the control of Gal4p-binding sites.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9872718 Celius T, Haugen TB, Grotmol T, Walther BT: A sensitive zonagenetic assay for rapid in vitro assessment of estrogenic potency of xenobiotics and mycotoxins. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jan;107(1):63-8.


When cells were treated with xenoestrogens or mycotoxins in combination with an estrogen receptor inhibitor (ICI 182,780), the induction of both zr proteins and vitellogenin was inhibited in all cases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10580743 Maruyama S, Fujimoto N, Yin H, Ito A: Growth stimulation of a rat pituitary cell line MtT/E-2 by environmental estrogens in vitro and in vivo. Endocr J. 1999 Aug;46(4):513-20.


Binding assays showed the test chemicals were able to compete with 3H-E2 binding to the estrogen receptor (ER).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11411516 Kobayashi S, Sugaya T, Sakata N, Uebayasi M, Sameshima K, Tanaka A: Prediction of endocrine disruptors based on a new structure-activity relationship for sex and environmental hormones using chemical hardness concept. Chem Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;49(6):680-8.


For instance, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is classified in group II, therefore, it would bind with the thyroid receptor more than the estrogen receptor (group I).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2479123 Coosen R, van Velsen FL: Effects of the beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane on estrogen-sensitive human mammary tumor cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Nov;101(2):310-8.


The effects of the beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) on the induction of the cytosolic progesterone receptor (PgRc), on the redistribution of the estrogen receptor (ER), and its affinity for ER were investigated in the estrogen-sensitive human mammary tumor cell line MCF-7.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17537412 Maranghi F, Rescia M, Macri C, Di Consiglio E, De Angelis G, Testai E, Farini D, De Felici M, Lorenzetti S, Mantovani A: Lindane may modulate the female reproductive development through the interaction with ER-beta: an in vivo-in vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Aug 15;169(1):1-14. Epub 2007 Apr 22.


Since both estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and -beta) have shown to be target for endocrine disruption, we investigated the role of gamma-HCH on the development of female reproductive system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8783812 Tiemann U, Schneider F, Tuchscherer A: Effects of organochlorine pesticides on DNA synthesis of cultured oviductal and uterine cells and on estrogen receptor of uterine tissue from heifers. Arch Toxicol. 1996;70(8):490-6.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
7524197 Laws SC, Carey SA, Hart DW, Cooper RL: Lindane does not alter the estrogen receptor or the estrogen-dependent induction of progesterone receptors in sexually immature or ovariectomized adult rats. Toxicology. 1994 Sep 6;92(1-3):127-42.


It has been suggested that gamma-HCH may block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to estradiol via an interaction with the estrogen receptor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17640349 Wong PS, Matsumura F: Promotion of breast cancer by beta-hexachlorocyclohexane in MCF10AT1 cells and MMTV-neu mice. BMC Cancer. 2007 Jul 17;7:130.


Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the ability of beta-HCH to elicit its actions via a ligand-independent activation of the estrogen receptor through increased c-Neu (= erbB2 or HER-2) expression and kinase activation in both the BG-1 and MCF-7 cell lines.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8968093 Steinmetz R, Young PC, Caperell-Grant A, Gize EA, Madhukar BV, Ben-Jonathan N, Bigsby RM: Novel estrogenic action of the pesticide residue beta-hexachlorocyclohexane in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 1996 Dec 1;56(23):5403-9.


The prototypical xenoestrogen o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) acts by binding and activating the estrogen receptor (ER).
1(0,0,0,1) Details