Protein Information

Name UGT1A6
Synonyms GNT1; UGT 1; UGT1; GNT1; UDPGT; HLUGP; HLUGP 1; HLUGP1…

Compound Information

Name 1-naphthol
CAS 1-naphthalenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10415114 Senay C, Battaglia E, Chen G, Breton R, Fournel-Gigleux S, Magdalou J, Radominska-Pandya A: Photoaffinity labeling of the aglycon binding site of the recombinant human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6 with 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Aug 1;368(1):75-84.

Moreover, inhibition was partially prevented by 1-naphthol, a surrogate substrate for the enzyme, or by preincubation with an active-site directed inhibitor, 5'-O-[[(2-decanoylamino-3-phenyl-propyloxycarbonyl) amino]-su lfonyl]-2 ',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
10049505 Iwano H, Yokota H, Ohgiya S, Yuasa A: The significance of amino acid residue Asp446 for enzymatic stability of rat UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Mar 1;363(1):116-20.

These mutants, except D446K, had catalytic activities toward 1-naphthol and 4-methylumbelliferone.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
9750165 Suleman FG, Abid A, Gradinaru D, Daval JL, Magdalou J, Minn A: Identification of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform UGT1A6 in rat brain and in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 1;358(1):63-7.

The expression of a phenol uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) was investigated in rat brain homogenate and in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, by means of model substrates (1-naphthol and 4-methylumbelliferone) assays, Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
10901286 Sabolovic N, Magdalou J, Netter P, Abid A: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and phenols glucuronidation in Caco-2 cells: identification of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases UGT1A6, 1A3 and 2B7. Life Sci. 2000;67(2):185-96.

Glucuronidation of phenols (1-naphthol, 4-methylumbelliferone) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ketoprofen, naproxen and carprofen was investigated in human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell clones.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19023562 Gradinaru D, Minn AL, Artur Y, Minn A, Heydel JM: Drug metabolizing enzyme expression in rat choroid plexus: effects of in vivo xenobiotics treatment. Arch Toxicol. 2009 Jun;83(6):581-6. Epub 2008 Nov 21.

We present the changes in mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1A6 isoform and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, after in vitro treatment with xenobiotic molecules known to act in the liver as inducers or inhibitors of these drug metabolizing enzymes.
Choroidal 1-naphthol glucuronidation activities were significantly induced by 3-MC and PQ administration (354 +/- 85 and 257 +/- 49 vs. 115 +/- 24 nmol/h per mg protein, in control group), whereas the other molecules were without effect.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7827113 Battaglia E, Elass A, Drake RR, Paul P, Treat S, Magdalou J, Fournel-Gigleux S, Siest G, Vergoten G, Lester R, et al.: Characterization of a new class of inhibitors of the recombinant human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1*6. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Jan 18;1243(1):9-14.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
18004206 Udomuksorn W, Elliot DJ, Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI, Yoovathaworn K, Miners JO: Influence of mutations associated with Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar type II syndromes on the glucuronidation kinetics of bilirubin and other UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A substrates. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Dec;17(12):1017-29.


This work compared the effects of (a) the individual UGT1A1 mutations on the glucuronidation kinetics bilirubin, beta-estradiol, 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and 1-naphthol (1NP), and (b) the Y486 mutation, which occurs in the conserved carboxyl terminal domain of UGT1A enzymes, on 4MU, 1NP and naproxen glucuronidation by UGT1A3, UGT1A6 and UGT1A10.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19487247 Kerdpin O, Mackenzie PI, Bowalgaha K, Finel M, Miners JO: Influence of N-terminal domain histidine and proline residues on the substrate selectivities of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, and 2B10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Sep;37(9):1948-55. Epub 2009 Jun 1.


The conserved N-terminal domain histidine of UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 was mutated to proline and leucine 34 of UGT2B10 was substituted with histidine, and the capacity of the wild-type and mutant proteins to glucuronidate 4MU, 1NP, LTG, TFP, and naproxen was characterized.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9990312 Kobayashi T, Yokota H, Ohgiya S, Iwano H, Yuasa A: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A7 induced in rat small intestinal mucosa by oral administration of 2-naphthoflavone. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Dec 15;258(3):948-55.

In the rat intestine, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms were highly induced by oral administration of 2-naphthoflavone, as shown by intestinal UGT activity toward 1-naphthol (1-NA).
Using UGT1A6 cDNA as a probe, we obtained three types of clones corresponding to UGT1A2, UGT1A6 and UGT1A7, in a ratio of 1:1:8, from a cDNA library constructed from the 2-naphthoflavone-treated rat intestine.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18694909 Siissalo S, Zhang H, Stilgenbauer E, Kaukonen AM, Hirvonen J, Finel M: The expression of most UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is increased significantly during Caco-2 cell differentiation, whereas UGT1A6 is highly expressed also in undifferentiated cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Nov;36(11):2331-6. Epub 2008 Aug 11.

The mRNA findings were confirmed at the enzyme activity level by measuring the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol, a very good substrate for UGT1A6, as well as estradiol that is not glucuronidated by this enzyme.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15802387 Luukkanen L, Taskinen J, Kurkela M, Kostiainen R, Hirvonen J, Finel M: Kinetic characterization of the 1A subfamily of recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):1017-26. Epub 2005 Mar 31.

The glucuronidation of entacapone by UGT1A9 was inhibited by 1-naphthol in a competitive fashion, with respect to entacapone, and an uncompetitive fashion, with respect to UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).
Despite the identical primary structure of the C-terminal halves of the UGT1A isoforms, there were marked differences in the respective K (m) values for UDPGA, ranging from 52 microM for UGT1A6 to 1256 microM for UGT1A8.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9464459 Ullrich D, Munzel PA, Beck-Gschaidmeier S, Schroder M, Bock KW: Drug-metabolizing enzymes in pharyngeal mucosa and in oropharyngeal cancer tissue. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Nov 15;54(10):1159-62.


Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoform UGT1A6 were studied in pharyngeal mucosa and squamous cancer tissue obtained from 27 male subjects (10 healthy nonsmoking volunteers, 10 smokers, and 7 smokers with pharyngeal cancer).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16819192 Naganuma M, Saruwatari A, Okamura S, Tamura H: Turmeric and curcumin modulate the conjugation of 1-naphthol in Caco-2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jul;29(7):1476-9.

Moreover, and in contrast to the moderate inhibition of UGT activity by turmeric and curcumin, both induce the expression of the UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 genes, revealed by real-time PCR analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7646562 Abid A, Bouchon I, Siest G, Sabolovic N: Glucuronidation in the Caco-2 human intestinal cell line: induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1*6. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Aug 8;50(4):557-61.

Glucuronidation of hydroxylated or carboxylic acid compounds such as 1-naphthol, thymol, androsterone, estriol, hyodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, chloramphenicol, paracetamol and morphine could be determined in microsomal fractions of Caco-2 cells.
The results suggest that several isoforms, including UGT1*6, are expressed in Caco-2 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15499179 Mizuma T, Momota R, Haga M, Hayashi M: Factors affecting glucuronidation activity in Caco-2 cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004 Apr;19(2):130-4.


The factors affecting glucuronidation activity in Caco-2 cells seeded in Transwell (4.7 cm (2)) require clarification to establish an in-vitro system to assess intestinal glucuronidation metabolism for novel drug development. alpha-Naphthol (alpha-NA), a substrate for UGT1A6 in Caco-2 cells, has often been used as a model substrate for gluruonidation. alpha-Naphthol glucuronidation activity increased from 7 to 21 culture days after seeding in Transwell and stabilized after 21 days.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16906435 Elovaara E, Mikkola J, Stockmann-Juvala H, Luukkanen L, Keski-Hynnila H, Kostiainen R, Pasanen M, Pelkonen O, Vainio H: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolizing enzyme activities in human lung, and their inducibility by exposure to naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo (a) pyrene as shown in the rat lung and liver. Arch Toxicol. 2007 Mar;81(3):169-82. Epub 2006 Aug 12.

PAH treatment increased the CYP1A-catalyzed activity of pyrene 1-hydroxylation and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation in rat liver by up to 28- and 279-fold, and in rat lung by up to 22- and 51-fold, respectively. 1-Naphthol (hUGT1A6), 1-hydroxypyrene (hUGT1A6/1A9), and entacapone (hUGT1A9) are markers of PAH-glucuronidating human uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT).
In human lung (non-smokers), the marker activities of CYP1A1, UGT1A6/1A9, and NQO1 were lower than those in rat lung.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15684482 Okamura S, Suzuki K, Yanase M, Koizumi M, Tamura HO: The effects of coffee on conjugation reactions in human colon carcinoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):271-4.


After supplementing Caco-2 cultures with both 1-naphthol (200 microM) and various concentrations of coffee, the accumulation of 1-naphthyl sulfate and glucuronide in the growth medium was determined by analytical HPLC over a 24-h period.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9176741 Le HT, Lamb JG, Franklin MR: Drug metabolizing enzyme induction by benzoquinolines, acridine, and quinacrine; tricyclic aromatic molecules containing a single heterocyclic nitrogen. J Biochem Toxicol. 1996;11(6):297-303.


Acridine treatment increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward morphine (47%), 1-naphthol (28%), testosterone (19%), and estrone (19%).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8161205 Ouzzine M, Pillot T, Fournel-Gigleux S, Magdalou J, Burchell B, Siest G: Expression and role of the human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1*6 analyzed by specific antibodies raised against a hybrid protein produced in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Apr;310(1):196-204.

Interestingly, in human kidney microsomes, antibodies revealed a high level of UGT1*6 expression on immunoblot and inhibited 1-naphthol glucuronidation up to 55%, indicating that this isoform is also expressed in kidney and extensively contributes to phenol glucuronidation in this tissue.
115(1,2,2,5) Details
11317477 Ito M, Yamamoto K, Sato H, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T: Inhibitory effect of troglitazone on glucuronidation catalyzed by human uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;56(12):893-5.

METHODS: Human cDNA-expressed UGT1A6 was coincubated with troglitazone (inhibitor) and 1-naphthol (substrate).
114(1,2,2,4) Details
17998297 Fujiwara R, Nakajima M, Yamanaka H, Katoh M, Yokoi T: Product inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by UDP obfuscates the inhibitory effects of UGT substrates. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Feb;36(2):361-7. Epub 2007 Nov 12.

Substrates that are specific for certain UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms are usually used as specific inhibitors to identify UGT isoforms responsible for the glucuronidation of drugs. 1-Naphthol and 4-nitrophenol are probe substrates for human UGT1A6.
87(1,1,2,2) Details
17301691 Kurkela M, Patana AS, Mackenzie PI, Court MH, Tate CG, Hirvonen J, Goldman A, Finel M: Interactions with other human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases attenuate the consequences of the Y485D mutation on the activity and substrate affinity of UGT1A6. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Feb;17(2):115-26.

Using 1-naphthol as the aglycone substrate, the Km of 6YD for the cosubstrate UDP-glucuronic acid was about 50 times higher than in UGT1A6.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
11437353 Soars MG, Smith DJ, Riley RJ, Burchell B: Cloning and characterization of a canine UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Jul 15;391(2):218-24.

The enzyme expressed stably in V79 cells predominantly catalyzed the glucuronidation of simple, planar phenols (e.g., for 1-naphthol, K (m) = 41 microM, V (max) = 0.07 nmol/min/mg protein), a class of compounds extensively glucuronidated by human UGT1A6.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
8738480 Abid A, Sabolovic N, Magdalou J: Inducibility of ethoxyresorufin deethylase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in two human hepatocarcinoma cell lines KYN-2 and Mz-Hep-1. Cell Biol Toxicol. 1996 Apr;12(2):115-23.

Both 1-naphthol glucuronidation and the level of UGT1*6 protein detected by immunoblot and supporting this activity were lowered by DMSO treatment and increased by beta-naphthoflavone treatment in KYN-2 cells.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9180348 Abid A, Sabolovic N, Magdalou J: Expression and inducibility of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1-naphthol in human cultured hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Life Sci. 1997;60(22):1943-51.

Their properties were compared to those of UGT1*6 stably expressed in the V79 cell line (V79UGT1*6), which glucuronidates 1-naphthol preferentially.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
10478938 Gradinaru D, Suleman FG, Leclerc S, Heydel JM, Grillasca JP, Magdalou J, Minn A: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the rat olfactory bulb: identification of the UGT1A6 isoform and age-related changes in 1-naphthol glucuronidation. Neurochem Res. 1999 Aug;24(8):995-1000.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
20145913 Donato MT, Montero S, Castell JV, Gomez-Lechon MJ, Lahoz A: Validated assay for studying activity profiles of human liver UGTs after drug exposure: inhibition and induction studies. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010 Mar;396(6):2251-63. Epub 2010 Feb 10.

The assays are based on analysis and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of glucuronides formed from selective probe substrates, namely, beta-estradiol (UGT1A1, 3-glucuronide), 1-naphthol (UGT1A6), propofol (UGT1A9), and naloxone (UGT2B7).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
12153725 Yokota H, Kunimasa Y, Shimoyama Y, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto J, Yuasa A: Effects on extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in hypophysectomized rat. J Biochem. 2002 Aug;132(2):265-70.

The mRNA of UGT1A6, which is an isoform contributing to the glucuronidation of various phenolic xenobiotics such as 1-naphthol, were decreased drastically in the liver, kidney, and testis by hypophysectomy.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
7786300 Gschaidmeier H, Seidel A, Burchell B, Bock KW: Formation of mono- and diglucuronides and other glycosides of benzo (a) pyrene-3,6-quinol by V79 cell-expressed human phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferases of the UGT1 gene complex. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 May 26;49(11):1601-6.

Therefore, mono- and diglucuronide formation of benzo (a) pyrene-3,6-quinol was investigated and compared to that of structurally related 3,6-dihydroxychrysene and simple phenols (1-naphthol and 4-methylumbelliferone) using V79 cell-expressed human UGT1.6 (= P1) and human UGT1.7 (= P4).
9(0,0,1,4) Details
8068691 Lamb JG, Straub P, Tukey RH: Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding mouse Ugt1.6 and rabbit UGT1.6: differential induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 30;33(34):10513-20.

The expressed UGTs conjugated small planar phenolic molecules such as 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, and 4-methylumbelliferone.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
1847492 Fournel-Gigleux S, Sutherland L, Sabolovic N, Burchell B, Siest G: Stable expression of two human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNAs in V79 cell cultures. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Feb;39(2):177-83.

The established recombinant V79 cell lines stably expressed the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 1-naphthol (HLUGP1) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HLUG25) at levels 10-20-fold higher than with transient expression, and in the range found in human liver.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15788539 Di Marco A, D'Antoni M, Attaccalite S, Carotenuto P, Laufer R: Determination of drug glucuronidation and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase selectivity using a 96-well radiometric assay. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):812-9. Epub 2005 Mar 23.

The major UGT isoforms identified were UGT1A6, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9 for 4-methylumbelliferone; UGT1A6 and UGT1A8 for 1-naphthol; UGT2B7 for naloxone; UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 for ketoprofen; and UGT1A4 for trifluoperazine.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9429234 Ciotti M, Marrone A, Potter C, Owens IS: Genetic polymorphism in the human UGT1A6 (planar phenol) UDP-glucuronosyltransferase: pharmacological implications. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Dec;7(6):485-95.

UGT1A6*2 (181 A+ and 184S+) metabolized 4-nitrophenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 3-ethylphenol/4-ethylphenol, 4-hydroxycoumarin, butylated hydroxy anisole and butylated hydroxy toluene, with the pH 6.4 preference, at only 27-75% of the rate of the wild-type isozyme whereas 1-naphthol, 3-iodophenol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin were metabolized at essentially the normal level.
6(0,0,0,6) Details