Protein Information

Name NMDA receptor (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Glutamate [NMDA] receptor; Glutamate [NMDA] receptors; N methyl D aspartate receptor; N methyl D aspartate receptors; NMDA receptor; NMDA receptors

Compound Information

Name ACC
CAS 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18053155 Toyoda H, Zhao MG, Xu H, Wu LJ, Ren M, Zhuo M: Requirement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase for long-term potentiation in adult mouse anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain. 2007 Dec 1;3:36.


N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent LTP is well studied and is thought to be important for learning and memory in mammalian brains.
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19664651 Zhang XJ, Chen HL, Li Z, Zhang HQ, Xu HX, Sung JJ, Bian ZX: Analgesic effect of paeoniflorin in rats with neonatal maternal separation-induced visceral hyperalgesia is mediated through adenosine A (1) receptor by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 Nov;94(1):88-97. Epub 2009 Aug 5.


Results: CRD-induced visceral pain as well as phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) expression in the CNS structures of NMS rats were suppressed by NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126.
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18258793 Wu X, Gao J, Yan J, Fan J, Owyang C, Li Y: Role for NMDA receptors in visceral nociceptive transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex of viscerally hypersensitive rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):G918-27. Epub 2008 Feb 7.

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17470281 Wu LJ, Xu H, Ren M, Cao X, Zhuo M: Pharmacological isolation of postsynaptic currents mediated by NR2A- and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain. 2007 Apr 30;3:11.

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18242219 Cao Z, Wu X, Chen S, Fan J, Zhang R, Owyang C, Li Y: Anterior cingulate cortex modulates visceral pain as measured by visceromotor responses in viscerally hypersensitive rats. Gastroenterology. 2008 Feb;134(2):535-43. Epub 2007 Dec 4.


The ACC was stimulated electrically, and ACC lesions were generated with ibotenic acid. l-glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxozole propionic acid receptor antagonist cyanonitroquinoxaline dione, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist aminophosphonopentanoic acid were microinjected into the rostral ACC.
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19306440 Ben-Shahar O, Obara I, Ary AW, Ma N, Mangiardi MA, Medina RL, Szumlinski KK: Extended daily access to cocaine results in distinct alterations in Homer 1b/c and NMDA receptor subunit expression within the medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse. 2009 Jul;63(7):598-609.

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19178556 Panuccio G, Curia G, Colosimo A, Cruccu G, Avoli M: Epileptiform synchronization in the cingulate cortex. Epilepsia. 2009 Mar;50(3):521-36. Epub 2008 Oct 30.


Interictal events could occur more frequently before the onset of ictal activity that was contributed by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.
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19607966 Minami M: Neuronal mechanisms for pain-induced aversion behavioral studies using a conditioned place aversion test. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;85:135-44.


Glutamatergic transmission within the ACC and BLA via NMDA receptors was shown to play a critical role in the affective component of pain.
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19279268 Cao H, Gao YJ, Ren WH, Li TT, Duan KZ, Cui YH, Cao XH, Zhao ZQ, Ji RR, Zhang YQ: Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the induction and expression of affective pain. J Neurosci. 2009 Mar 11;29(10):3307-21.


Upstream, NMDA receptor, adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphokinase A (PKA) activators activated ERK in rACC slices.
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19664265 Toyoda H, Zhao MG, Ulzhofer B, Wu LJ, Xu H, Seeburg PH, Sprengel R, Kuner R, Zhuo M: Roles of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 but not GluA2 in synaptic potentiation and activation of ERK in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain. 2009 Aug 10;5:46.


Glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the ACC are critical for the induction of LTP, including both NR2A and NR2B subunits.
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19732417 Shyu BC, Vogt BA: Short-term synaptic plasticity in the nociceptive thalamic-anterior cingulate pathway. Mol Pain. 2009 Sep 4;5:51.


This short-term enhancement of synaptic transmission was mediated by polysynaptic pathways and NMDA receptors.
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20043891 Acosta G, Hasenkamp W, Daunais JB, Friedman DP, Grant KA, Hemby SE: Ethanol self-administration modulation of NMDA receptor subunit and related synaptic protein mRNA expression in prefrontal cortical fields in cynomolgus monkeys. Brain Res. 2010 Mar 8;1318:144-54. Epub 2010 Jan 4.

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17522019 Shum FW, Wu LJ, Zhao MG, Toyoda H, Xu H, Ren M, Pinaud R, Ko SW, Lee YS, Kaang BK, Zhuo M: Alteration of cingulate long-term plasticity and behavioral sensitization to inflammation by environmental enrichment. Learn Mem. 2007 Apr 10;14(4):304-12. Print 2007 Apr.


The increased NMDA receptor NR2B/NR2A subunits current ratio is associated with the plasticity seen in the ACC while total protein levels remain unchanged.
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19445686 Zhao MG, Toyoda H, Wang YK, Zhuo M: Enhanced synaptic long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult wild mice as compared with that in laboratory mice. Mol Brain. 2009 May 16;2(1):11.


ABSTRACT: Activation of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is important for learning, memory and persistent pain.
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18803856 Ko SW, Wu LJ, Shum F, Quan J, Zhuo M: Cingulate NMDA NR2B receptors contribute to morphine-induced analgesic tolerance. Mol Brain. 2008 Jun 17;1(1):2.


While N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are known to play roles in morphine tolerance and dependence, less is known about the roles of individual NMDA receptor subtypes.
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19963012 Coutinho MR, Menescal-de-Oliveira L: Role of homocysteic acid in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) anterior cingulate cortex in tonic immobility and the influence of NMDA receptors on the dorsal PAG. Behav Brain Res. 2010 Mar 17;208(1):237-42. Epub 2009 Dec 4.


Hence, in the current study, we investigated the effects of microinjection of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist DL-homocysteic acid (DLH) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 into the ACC on the duration of TI in guinea pigs.
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19695778 Li TT, Ren WH, Xiao X, Nan J, Cheng LZ, Zhang XH, Zhao ZQ, Zhang YQ: NMDA NR2A and NR2B receptors in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex contribute to pain-related aversion in male rats. Pain. 2009 Nov;146(1-2):183-93. Epub 2009 Aug 19.


NMDA receptors, which are implicated in pain processing, are highly expressed in forebrain areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
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19208366 Fan J, Wu X, Cao Z, Chen S, Owyang C, Li Y: Up-regulation of anterior cingulate cortex NR2B receptors contributes to visceral pain responses in rats. Gastroenterology. 2009 May;136(5):1732-40.e3. Epub 2009 Feb 6.


BACKGROUND & AIMS: Electrophysiologic and behavioral studies have shown that increased N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons has a critical role in modulating visceral pain responses in viscerally hypersensitive (VH) rats.
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19784086 Cao H, Cui YH, Zhao ZQ, Cao XH, Zhang YQ: Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the induction of long-term potentiation in rats. Neurosci Bull. 2009 Oct;25(5):301-8.


RESULTS: LTP could be induced stably in ACC slice by high frequency stimulation (2-train, 100 Hz, 1 s), while APv (an antagonist of NMDA receptor) could block the induction of LTP in the ACC, indicating that LTP in this experiment was NMDA receptor-dependent.
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