Protein Information

Name PCNA
Synonyms Cyclin; DNA polymerase delta auxillary protein; PCNA; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; DNA polymerase delta auxillary proteins; Proliferating cell nuclear antigens

Compound Information

Name piperonyl butoxide
CAS 5-[[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8911638 Mitsumori K, Takegawa K, Shimo T, Onodera H, Yasuhara K, Takahashi M: Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies on atrophic changes in lympho-hematopoietic organs of rats treated with piperonyl butoxide or subjected to dietary restriction. Arch Toxicol. 1996;70(12):809-14.

Marked inhibition of body weight gain, decreased white blood cell count, depletion of T/B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues, hypoplasia of the bone marrow, and decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indices in these tissues were seen in both dietary restriction and 2.5% piperonyl butoxide groups.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
18544911 Yasuno H, Nishimura J, Dewa Y, Muguruma M, Takabatake M, Murata Y, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K: Modifying effect of Siraitia grosvenori extract on piperonyl butoxide-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 May;33(2):197-207.

Liver immunohistochemistry revealed that although the PBO-mediated increase in the number of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells remained unaltered with SGE coadministration, the area of the GST-P-positive foci was increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20101389 Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Dewa Y, Nishimura J, Kemmochi S, Harada T, Ishii Y, Umemura T, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K: Elevation of cell proliferation via generation of reactive oxygen species by piperonyl butoxide contributes to its liver tumor-promoting effects in mice. Arch Toxicol. 2010 Feb;84(2):155-64. Epub 2010 Jan 26.

The PCNA-positive ratio significantly increased in non-tumor hepatocytes, CK8/18-positive foci and adenomas in the DEN + PBO group compared with the DEN-alone group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19690152 Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Jin M, Dewa Y, Nishimura J, Harada T, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K: Mechanistic study on hepatocarcinogenesis of piperonyl butoxide in mice. Toxicol Pathol. 2009;37(6):761-9. Epub 2009 Aug 18.

The incidence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-positive foci and PCNA-positive cells was significantly increased in the DEN + PBO group compared with the DEN-alone group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20091025 Mizukami S, Ichimura R, Kemmochi S, Taniai E, Shimamoto K, Ohishi T, Takahashi M, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M: Induction of GST-P-positive proliferative lesions facilitating lipid peroxidation with possible involvement of transferrin receptor up-regulation and ceruloplasmin down-regulation from the early stage of liver tumor promotion in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2010 Apr;84(4):319-31. Epub 2009 Dec 20.


To elucidate the role of metal-related molecules in hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined immunolocalization of transferrin receptor (Tfrc), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and metallothionein (MT)-1/2 in relation to liver cell foci positive for glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) in the early stage of tumor promotion by fenbendazole (FB), phenobarbital, piperonyl butoxide or thioacetamide in a rat two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model.
0(0,0,0,0) Details