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Kitamura S, Sugihara K, Tatsumi K: A unique tertiary amine N-oxide reduction system composed of quinone reductase and heme in rat liver preparations. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jan;27(1):92-7.
The results of this study show the quinone-dependent reduction of tertiary amine N-oxides to the corresponding tertiary amines by rat liver preparations. The reduction of imipramine N-oxide to imipramine mediated by liver mitochondria, microsomes, and cytosol proceeded in the presence of both NAD (P) H and menadione under anaerobic conditions. When menadione was replaced with 1, 4-naphthoquinone or 9,10-anthraquinone, similar results were obtained in the cytosolic reduction. The quinone-dependent reducing activity in liver cytosol was inhibited by dicumarol and carbon monoxide. This result suggested that the activity is caused by DT-diaphorase, a cytosolic quinone reductase, and hemoproteins in liver cytosol. In fact, catalase and hemoglobin showed the ability to reduce imipramine N-oxide when supplemented with DT-diaphorase. The hemoproteins also exhibited the N-oxide reductase activity with reduced menadione, menadiol. The N-oxide reductase activity of the hemoproteins was also exhibited with 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,4,9, 10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, or 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone. Furthermore, hematin revealed a significant N-oxide-reducing activity in the presence of menadiol. The reduction appears to proceed in two steps. The first step is reduction of menadione to menadiol by a quinone reductase with NADPH or NADH. The second step is nonenzymatic reduction of tertiary amine N-oxides to tertiary amines by menadiol, catalyzed by the heme group of hemoproteins. Cyclobenzaprine N-oxide and brucine N-oxide were also transformed similarly to the corresponding amine by the quinone-dependent reducing system. |
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