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Chen W, Kajiya M, Giro G, Ouhara K, Mackler HE, Mawardi H, Boisvert H, Duncan MJ, Sato K, Kawai T: Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide promotes IL-8 production from epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jan 1;391(1):645-50. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
Hydrogen sulfide (H (2) S), a volatile sulfur compound, is implicated as a cause of inflammation, especially when it is produced by bacteria colonizing gastrointestinal organs. However, it is unclear if H (2) S produced by periodontal pathogens affects the inflammatory responses mediated by oral/gingival epithelial cells. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the in vitro production of H (2) S among 14 strains of oral bacteria and (2) to evaluate the effects of H (2) S on inflammatory response induced in host oral/gingival epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produced the most H (2) S in culture, which, in turn, resulted in the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from both gingival and oral epithelial cells. The up-regulation of IL-8 expression was reproduced by the exogenously applied H (2) S. Furthermore, the mutant strains of Pg that do not produce major soluble virulent factors, i.e. gingipains, still showed the production of H (2) S, as well as the promotion of epithelial IL-8 production, which was abrogated by H (2) S scavenging reagents. These results demonstrated that Pg produces a concentration of H (2) S capable of up-regulating IL-8 expression induced in gingival and oral epithelial cells, revealing a possible mechanism that may promote the inflammation in periodontal disease. |
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