Protein Information

Name Acetylcholinesterase
Synonyms ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant…

Compound Information

Name carbosulfan
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16461013 Yi MQ, Liu HX, Shi XY, Liang P, Gao XW: Inhibitory effects of four carbamate insecticides on acetylcholinesterase of male and female Carassius auratus in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 May;143(1):113-6. Epub 2006 Feb 3.

The ratios of bimolecular rate constant (female/male) for AChE reacting with methomyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran and carbosulfan were 1.03, 2.44, 1.03 and 1.106, respectively.
197(2,3,3,7) Details
16753212 Chandrasekara LW, Pathiratne A: Body size-related differences in the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 May;67(1):109-19. Epub 2006 Jun 6.

Three size groups of fish (fry: 3-4 cm, fingerlings: 6-8 cm, sub-adults: 10-12 cm in total length) were exposed to a series of concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.5-12 microg L (-1)) or carbosulfan (1-10 microg L (-1)), and concentration-response for inhibition and recovery of the AChE enzyme was evaluated in comparison to the controls at different time points, 2, 6, 10, and 14 d.
148(1,3,3,8) Details
3710030 Renzi BE, Krieger RI: Sublethal acute toxicity of carbosulfan [2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (d i-n-butylaminosulfenyl)(methyl) carbamate] in the rat after intravenous and oral exposures. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Jan;6(1):7-15.

Based on regression analysis and metabolic studies, both carbosulfan and carbofuran contributed to the observed AChE inhibition; however, carbofuran, a more potent in vitro inhibitor and the usual predominant inhibitor in plasma, was responsible for most of the erythrocyte AChE inhibition.
120(1,2,3,5) Details
12680920 N'Guessan R, Darriet F, Guillet P, Carnevale P, Traore-Lamizana M, Corbel V, Koffi AA, Chandre F: Resistance to carbosulfan in Anopheles gambiae from Ivory Coast, based on reduced sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Mar;17(1):19-25.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
17915512 Djogbenou L, Weill M, Hougard JM, Raymond M, Akogbeto M, Chandre F: Characterization of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1R) in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): resistance levels and dominance. J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):805-10.

Furthermore, the dominance status varied between semi-recessivity with fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos methyl insecticides to semidominance with temephos, carbosulfan, and propoxur.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19908228 Carletto J, Martin T, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F, Brevault T: Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii. Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Mar;66(3):301-7.

Molecular diagnostic (PCR-RFLP) and enzyme assays were also performed to detect the basic mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance.RESULTS: All six clones were susceptible to acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) or carbosulfan (carbamate).
Conversely, all clones were resistant to dimethoate (organophosphate) (RF = 4.1-38.1) and carried mutation S431F in the acetylcholinesterase gene.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9439121 Chandre F, Darriet F, Doannio JM, Riviere F, Pasteur N, Guillet P: Distribution of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West Africa. J Med Entomol. 1997 Nov;34(6):664-71.

Of 27 samples from Cote d'Ivoire, 25 also displayed cross resistance to carbamates as shown by a mortality plateau in bioassays with propoxur and carbosulfan (similar to chlorpyrifos).
Cross resistance to organophosphates and carbamates was caused by an insensitive acetylcholinesterase allele (AceR).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15311465 Corbel V, Duchon S, Zaim M, Hougard JM: Dinotefuran: a potential neonicotinoid insecticide against resistant mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. 2004 Jul;41(4):712-7.

The results showed that dinotefuran was less toxic than most of the commonly used insecticides (e.g., deltamethrin, carbosulfan, and temephos) against the susceptible mosquitoes tested (between 6- and 100-fold at the LD50 level).
More interestingly, the carbamate-resistant strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus was significantly more affected by dinotefuran than the susceptible strain (RR = 0.70), probably because the insensitive acetylcholinesterase is less efficient to degrade nicotinic substrates than normal acetylcholinesterase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details