Protein Information

Name MAPK (protein family or complex)
Synonyms MAPK; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinases

Compound Information

Name fludioxonil
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16514140 Kojima K, Bahn YS, Heitman J: Calcineurin, Mpk1 and Hog1 MAPK pathways independently control fludioxonil antifungal sensitivity in Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology. 2006 Mar;152(Pt 3):591-604.

Combination of fludioxonil and the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 synergistically inhibited C. neoformans growth. mpk1Delta MAPK mutant strains exhibited fludioxonil hypersensitivity, indicating that this pathway also contributes to drug resistance.
87(1,1,2,2) Details
16278449 Yoshimi A, Kojima K, Takano Y, Tanaka C: Group III histidine kinase is a positive regulator of Hog1-type mitogen-activated protein kinase in filamentous fungi. Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Nov;4(11):1820-8.

In addition, exposure to the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil led to improper activation of Hog1-type mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in some phytopathogenic fungi, including C. heterostrophus.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
17158737 Izumitsu K, Yoshimi A, Tanaka C: Two-component response regulators Ssk1p and Skn7p additively regulate high-osmolarity adaptation and fungicide sensitivity in Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Feb;6(2):171-81. Epub 2006 Dec 8.

We previously reported that the fungus unique group III histidine kinase regulates high-osmolarity adaptation and iprodione/fludioxonil fungicide sensitivity by controlling the phosphorylation of Hog1-type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in filamentous ascomycetes.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
19011080 Dongo A, Bataille-Simoneau N, Campion C, Guillemette T, Hamon B, Iacomi-Vasilescu B, Katz L, Simoneau P: The group III two-component histidine kinase of filamentous fungi is involved in the fungicidal activity of the bacterial polyketide ambruticin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jan;75(1):127-34. Epub 2008 Nov 14.

We also showed that exposure to fludioxonil and ambruticin resulted in abnormal phosphorylation of a Hog1-like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in A. brassicicola.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
17617716 Furukawa K, Yoshimi A, Furukawa T, Hoshi Y, Hagiwara D, Sato N, Fujioka T, Mizutani O, Mizuno T, Kobayashi T, Abe K: Novel reporter gene expression systems for monitoring activation of the Aspergillus nidulans HOG pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Jul;71(7):1724-30. Epub 2007 Jul 7.

We found that fludioxonil, a fungicide, causes improper activation of HogA mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in A. nidulans.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
16834605 Kim JH, Campbell BC, Mahoney N, Chan KL, May GS: Targeting antioxidative signal transduction and stress response system: control of pathogenic Aspergillus with phenolics that inhibit mitochondrial function. J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Jul;101(1):181-9.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Vanillyl acetone, vanillic acid, vanillin, cinnamic acid, veratraldehyde, m-coumaric acid (phenolic agents to which Saccharomyces cerevisiae sod2delta mutant showed sensitivity), carboxin (inhibits complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain), strobilurins/antimycin A (inhibits complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) and fludioxonil/fenpiclonil [antifungals potentiated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] were examined in A. fumigatus, A. flavus and S. cerevisiae.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
17355596 Kim JH, Campbell BC, Mahoney N, Chan KL, Molyneux RJ, May GS: Enhancement of fludioxonil fungicidal activity by disrupting cellular glutathione homeostasis with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 May;270(2):284-90. Epub 2007 Mar 13.

Fludioxonil activity is potentiated through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that regulates osmotic/oxidative stress-responses. 2,5-DHBA disrupts cellular GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) homeostasis, further stressing the oxidative stress-response system.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
17651208 Kim JH, Campbell BC, Mahoney N, Chan KL, Molyneux RJ, May GS: Enhanced activity of strobilurin and fludioxonil by using berberine and phenolic compounds to target fungal antioxidative stress response. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2007 Aug;45(2):134-41.

These compounds also prevented Aspergillus fumigatus MAPK mutants (sakADelta and mpkCDelta) from escaping toxicity of fludioxonil (a phenylpyrrole fungicide potentiated by the MAPK pathway), a typical phenotype of fungal MAPK mutants.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
16672377 Bahn YS, Kojima K, Cox GM, Heitman J: A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual development, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Jul;17(7):3122-35. Epub 2006 May 3.

The stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is widely used by eukaryotic organisms as a central conduit via which cellular responses to the environment effect growth and differentiation.
A second response regulator, Skn7, governs sensitivity to Na+ ions and the antifungal agent fludioxonil, negatively controls melanin production, and functions independently of Hog1 regulation.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11823187 Zhang Y, Lamm R, Pillonel C, Lam S, Xu JR: Osmoregulation and fungicide resistance: the Neurospora crassa os-2 gene encodes a HOG1 mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Feb;68(2):532-8.

We found that os-2 and os-5 mutants were resistant to the phenylpyrrole fungicides fludioxonil and fenpiclonil.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17951522 Bahn YS, Geunes-Boyer S, Heitman J: Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Dec;6(12):2278-89. Epub 2007 Oct 19.

The stress-activated p38/Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is structurally conserved in many diverse organisms, including fungi and mammals, and modulates myriad cellular functions.
The SSK2 gene was identified as a potential component responsible for the difference in Hog1 phosphorylation between the serotype D f1 sibling strains B-3501 and B-3502 through comparative analysis of meiotic maps showing their meiotic segregation patterns of Hog1-dependent sensitivity to the antifungal drug fludioxonil.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15341655 Kojima K, Takano Y, Yoshimi A, Tanaka C, Kikuchi T, Okuno T: Fungicide activity through activation of a fungal signalling pathway. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(6):1785-96.

The OSC1 gene, encoding a MAP kinase (MAPK) related to yeast Hog1, was isolated from the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lagenarium that causes cucumber anthracnose.
The osc1 knockout mutants were sensitive to high osmotic stress and showed increased resistance to the fungicide fludioxonil, indicating that Osc1 is involved in responses to hyperosmotic stress and sensitivity to fludioxonil.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19596074 Hagiwara D, Asano Y, Marui J, Yoshimi A, Mizuno T, Abe K: Transcriptional profiling for Aspergillusnidulans HogA MAPK signaling pathway in response to fludioxonil and osmotic stress. Fungal Genet Biol. 2009 Nov;46(11):868-78. Epub 2009 Jul 22.

From the results of microarray analyses, AtfA-dependent FUGs largely overlapped with HogA-dependent FUGs, suggesting that AtfA functions downstream of the HogA MAPK.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16990038 Noguchi R, Banno S, Ichikawa R, Fukumori F, Ichiishi A, Kimura M, Yamaguchi I, Fujimura M: Identification of OS-2 MAP kinase-dependent genes induced in response to osmotic stress, antifungal agent fludioxonil, and heat shock in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 Mar;44(3):208-18. Epub 2006 Sep 20.

Two-component signal transduction comprising of OS-1 (histidine kinase), OS-4 (MAPKK kinase), OS-5 (MAPK kinase), and OS-2 (MAP kinase) plays an important role in osmotic regulation in Neurospora crassa.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17392518 Jones CA, Greer-Phillips SE, Borkovich KA: The response regulator RRG-1 functions upstream of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway impacting asexual development, female fertility, osmotic stress, and fungicide resistance in Neurospora crassa. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Jun;18(6):2123-36. Epub 2007 Mar 28.

The cell lysis phenotype of Delta rrg-1 mutants is reminiscent of osmotic-sensitive (os) mutants, including nik-1/os-1 (a histidine kinase) and strains defective in components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: os-4 (MAPK kinase kinase), os-5 (MAPK kinase), and os-2 (MAPK).
Similar to os mutants, Delta rrg-1 strains are sensitive to hyperosmotic conditions, and they are resistant to the fungicides fludioxonil and iprodione.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12619694 Fujimura M, Ochiai N, Oshima M, Motoyama T, Ichiishi A, Usami R, Horikoshi K, Yamaguchi I: Putative homologs of SSK22 MAPKK kinase and PBS2 MAPK kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoded by os-4 and os-5 genes for osmotic sensitivity and fungicide resistance in Neurospora crassa. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Jan;67(1):186-91.

Disruptants of the NcSSK22 gene were sensitive to osmotic stress and resistant to iprodione and fludioxonil.
1(0,0,0,1) Details